FTTx qhov tseeb yog dab tsi?
Dec 24, 2025|
FTTx-Fiber To The x- sawv cev rau tsev neeg ntawm broadband network architectures qhov twg fiber ntau txuas los ntawm lub hauv paus chaw ua hauj lwm mus rau qhov kawg- neeg siv thaj chaw, nrog "x" denoting lub fiber termination point. Qhov kev xaiv no suav nrog ntau qhov kev xa tawm xws li FTTH (Fiber To The Home), FTTB (Fiber To The Building), FTTC (Fiber To The Curb), thiab FTTN (Fiber To The Node), txhua qhov txawv los ntawm qhov sib ze fiber ntau li cas mus txog tus neeg siv khoom ua ntej hloov mus rau lwm txoj xov xwm.
| Hom | Lub Npe | Termination Point | Ntu kawg | Hom Scenario |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FTTH | Fiber Rau Tsev | Tus neeg siv lub tsev | Txhua yam - fiber ntau | Cov neeg siv nyob hauv |
| FTTB | Fiber Rau Lub Tsev | Tsev | Copper (network / xov tooj kab) | Cov tsev lag luam |
| FTTC | Fiber rau lub Curb | Roadside (zeeg) | Coaxial (tooj liab) kab | Cov zej zog qub |
| FTTN | Fiber rau Node | Chav tsev khoom siv hauv zos | Tooj liab | Cov cheeb tsam nyob deb nroog |
| FTTO | Fiber Rau Lub Chaw Haujlwm | Chaw ua haujlwm | Fiber ntau | Enterprise nplooj siab kab |
| FTTA | Fiber rau Kav hlau txais xov | Kav hlau txais xov | Fiber ntau | 5G hauv paus chaw nres tsheb |
| FTTD | Fiber Rau Lub Rooj | Desktop | Fiber ntau | Cov chaw zov me nyuam |
Qhov "x" hloov pauv tseem ceeb tshaj qhov koj xav
Ntawm no yog qhov hais txog qhov me me "x" - nws ua haujlwm hnyav heev. Hloov nws tawm thiab koj tab tom tham txog kev lag luam network sib txawv, cov yam ntxwv sib txawv, kev teeb tsa sib txawv.
FTTH txhais tau hais tias fiber ntau khiav ncaj qha mus rau hauv ib tus neeg lub tsev nyob. Tsis muaj tooj liab nyob qhov twg hauv qhov nkag. Ntshiab iav txhua txoj kev. Qhov no yog tus qauv kub, pom tseeb, tab sis cov qauv kub raug nqi kub - tus qauv nyiaj.
FTTB nres ntawm lub tsev chav sib txuas lus. Feem ntau hauv cov tsev apartment complexs thoob plaws Asia tshwj xeeb. Lub tuam tsev txoj kab hluav taws xob sab hauv-feem ntau Cat5e lossis cov xov tooj qub - tuav qhov kawg puas meters lossis li ntawd. Ua haujlwm zoo rau qhov xav tau nruab nrab bandwidth txawm hais tias koj tam sim ntawd bandwidth - txwv los ntawm txhua yam hauv cov phab ntsa.
FTTC thiab FTTN tau txais ... messier. Fiber terminates ntawm ib txoj kev txee los yog cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig node, ces legacy tooj liab yog lub cim ntawm qhov seem nyob deb. Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv xov tooj nyiam cov no rau cov laj thawj pom tseeb: siv cov nroj tsuag uas twb muaj lawm, tshem tawm cov peev txheej loj, tseem ua lag luam "fiber" kev pabcuam rau cov neeg siv khoom uas tsis paub qhov txawv. Qhov kev ua tau zoo sib txawv ntawm FTTC thiab FTTH tiag tiag tuaj yeem ua tau ntau yam -peb tab tom tham txog qhov sib txawv ntawm 10x ceev nyob ntawm lub voj ntev thiab tooj liab.
Kuj tseem muaj FTTO rau chaw ua haujlwm ib puag ncig, FTTA pabcuam cell ntauwd backhaul (nce ntxiv tseem ceeb nrog 5G densification), FTTD thawb fiber ntau rau ib tus neeg lub rooj hauv chaw lag luam. Lub taxonomy txuas ntxiv mus.
PON: kev tsim kho vaj tse
Passive Optical Networks txhawb nqa txhua qhov kev xa tawm FTTx niaj hnub no. Qhov kev xaiv "passive" tsis yog kev lag luam fluff- nws piav qhia txog kev xaiv kev tsim vaj tsev tseem ceeb. Nruab nrab ntawm lub chaw ua haujlwm hauv nruab nrab OLT (Optical Line Terminal) thiab cov neeg siv khoom thaj chaw ONT (Optical Network Terminal), koj yuav pom tsis muaj hluav taws xob ua haujlwm. Tsuas yog iav, connectors, thiab passive splitters.
Vim li cas qhov no tseem ceeb? Kev ntseeg tau, feem ntau. Cov cuab yeej siv hauv cov nroj tsuag sab nraud tsis ua haujlwm. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuag, Circuit Court boards corrode, kiv cua txeeb. Passive splitters zaum nyob rau hauv ib tug weatherproof enclosure? Lawv yeej tseem tsis poob. Kuv tau pom 15-xyoo-laus splitters rub los ntawm cov pedestals uas kuaj tau zoo kawg nkaus.
Cov splitter ratios qhia koj ntau txog kev lag luam network. A 1: 32 cais txhais tau tias ib qho chaw nres nkoj OLT pab 32 tus neeg siv khoom. Thawb mus rau 1: 64 lossis 1: 128 thiab koj cov nqi khoom siv rau ib tus neeg siv khoom poob ntxiv, tab sis koj faib cov bandwidth ntawm ntau cov neeg siv. GPON's 2.5 Gbps downstream sib koom 64 txoj hauv kev muab rau koj kwv yees li 39 Mbps rau ib tus neeg siv khoom ntawm qhov kev siv siab tshaj plaws -zoo rau thaj chaw broadband, teeb meem yog tias txhua tus streaming 4K ib txhij thaum yav tsaus ntuj teev.
Cov lej tau nthuav:
| Split Ratio | Insertion Loss | Cov neeg siv khoom / Chaw nres nkoj | Siv tau Bandwidth (GPON) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1:8 | ~ 10.5 dB | 8 | ~ 312 Mbps |
| 1:16 | ~ 14 dB | 16 | ~ 156 Mbps |
| 1:32 | ~ 17.5 dB | 32 | ~ 78 Mbps |
| 1:64 | ~ 21 dB | 64 | ~ 39 Mbps |
Qhov kev tso qhov poob kab ntawv txwv txhua yam. Txhua theem splitter noj optical pob nyiaj siv. Khiav tus lej tsis raug thiab koj ONTs tsis tuaj yeem tswj qhov txuas - cov neeg siv khoom pom kev sib txuas tsis tu ncua lossis kev pabcuam tsis raug.
GPON piv rau EPON: kev sib tw uas zoo li kev lag luam
Ob tus qauv tau tshwm sim thaum xyoo 2000s thiab qhov tseem ceeb tau tsim lub ntiaj teb nruab nrab ntawm lawv.
GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network) tuaj ntawm ITU-T, tswj hwm los ntawm G.984 tus qauv series. 2.488 Gbps nqes hav, 1.244 Gbps ntws ntws. Siv GEM (GPON Encapsulation Method) framing uas ua haujlwm ATM, Ethernet, thiab TDM tsheb ib txwm muaj. Cov txheej txheem nyiaj siv ua haujlwm yog siab dua tab sis yoog raws yog qhov tseem ceeb.
EPON (Ethernet PON) tuaj txog ntawm IEEE 802.3ah. Symmetric 1.25 Gbps ob txoj kev. Ntshiab Ethernet framing-tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv. Yooj yim, sib cav ntau elegant, twv yuav raug nqi pheej yig dua los siv.
Geographic saws qauv tshwm sim yuav luag tam sim ntawd. North American thiab European cov neeg nqa khoom tau dhau los xaiv GPON. Kev lag luam Asian-Nyiv, Kaus Lim Kauslim, Tuam Tshoj pib- mus EPON. Cov laj thawj yog ib feem kev, feem ntau yog nom tswv thiab nyiaj txiag. Cov neeg muag khoom sib txawv ecosystems, sib txawv kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig, sib txawv qhov kev nyiam.
Tuam Tshoj qhov xwm txheej tau hloov zuj zus tuaj. Tuam Tshoj Telecom thiab Tuam Tshoj Unicom pib nrog EPON xa tawm nyob ib ncig ntawm 2008-2009, tom qab ntawd piv nyuaj rau GPON raws li cov thev naus laus zis loj hlob thiab tus nqi sib npaug. Los ntawm 2015 los yog li ntawd, kev xa tawm Suav tshiab yog feem ntau GPON. Cov ntsia EPON puag tseem loj heev ho.
ODN: qhov twg kev npaj ua tau raws li qhov tseeb
Optical Distribution Network-cov khoom siv txuas txuas txuas nrog OLT rau ONT- sawv cev rau qhov kev lag luam ruaj khov, tsis yog- rov qab peev hauv ib qho kev xa tawm FTTx. Tau txais ODN tsim tsis raug thiab koj nyob nrog cov yuam kev no tau ntau xyoo.
Ib qho ODN ib txwm muaj xws li:
Feeder ntu:
Siab - suav fiber ntau cables (144, 288, 576 cores common) khiav los ntawm lub hauv paus chaw ua hauj lwm mus rau cov ntsiab lus yooj yooj yim. Cov kev no ua raws cov kab hluav taws xob uas twb muaj lawm yog qhov ua tau. Kev muaj cov kav dej feem ntau txwv kev xa tawm ntau dua li qhov ua tau zoo.
Kev faib tawm ntu:
Nruab nrab- suav cov kab hluav taws xob los ntawm cov chaw sib cais mus rau thaj chaw ua haujlwm. Qhov no yog qhov uas lub network pib zoo li tsob ntoo es tsis yog lub cev.
Tso ntu:
Tus kheej fibers los ntawm qhov kawg faib cov ntsiab lus mus rau cov neeg siv khoom thaj chaw. Feem ntau "poob poob" los yog "npauj npaim" cables tsim los yooj yim installation raws baseboards thiab ib ncig ntawm lub qhov rooj thav ntawv.
Qhov kev txiav txim siab muab faib ua qhov tsim nyog rau nws txoj kev sib tham. Centralized splitting-txhua yam hauv CO los yog thawj qhov chaw xa tawm- ua haujlwm yooj yim tab sis yuav tsum muaj fiber ntau hauv feeder. Kev faib khoom faib tawm -cascaded theem ze dua rau cov neeg siv khoom- ua kom zoo siv fiber ntau tab sis ua rau cov ntsiab lus tsis ua haujlwm thiab ua rau muaj teeb meem nyuaj.
Cov neeg ua haujlwm feem ntau tsaws qhov chaw nyob nruab nrab. Thawj- theem faib (1: 4 lossis 1: 8) ntawm lub txee hauv zej zog, theem thib ob (1:8) ze rau thaj chaw. Qhov sib xyaw ua ke 1: 32 lossis 1: 64 sib npaug sib npaug sib tw kev txhawj xeeb txaus.
Lub zog pob nyiaj siv thiab kev ua phem ntawm physics
Optical link engineering tsis yog glamorous tab sis nws txiav txim siab seb koj lub network puas ua haujlwm.
GPON Class B + system muab kwv yees li 28 dB ntawm cov peev nyiaj kho qhov muag. Qhov ntawd yog koj qhov nyiaj pub dawb rau txhua qhov poob ntawm OLT transmitter thiab ONT txais:
Fiber ntau attenuation: ~ 0.35 dB / km ntawm 1310/1490nm
Splitter insertion poob: 17-21 dB rau 1: 32 / 1: 64
Connector poob: ~ 0.3 dB txhua (ntau dua yog qias neeg lossis puas)
Splice poob: ~ 0.1 dB txhua
System margin: 3 dB yam tsawg kawg nkaus pom zoo
Ua haujlwm los ntawm qhov piv txwv tiag . 15 km fiber ntau khiav, 1:32 splitter, 4 connectors, 6 splices:
(15 × 0.35) + 17.5 + (4 × 0.3) + (6 × 0.1) + 3=5.25 + 17.5 + 1.2 + 0.6 + 3=27.55 dB
Qhov ntawd yog txiav nws kaw. Ntxiv ib qho kev sib txuas tsis zoo los yog qhov kev xav tsis zoo khoov poob thiab koj muaj teeb meem.
XGS-PON txhim kho qhov teeb meem me ntsis nrog Class N2 optics muab 29 dB pob nyiaj siv, tab sis cov kev txwv tseem ceeb tseem nyob. Physics tsis sib tham.
Wavelength faib: sib koom iav
Ib leeg fiber ntau nqa ntau yam kev pabcuam ib txhij ntawm kev faib wavelength. Standard GPON assignments:
1490nm ua: Cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab
1310nm ua: Cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm
1 550nm: RF video overlay (qhov twg siv)
Qhov kev npaj no cia cov neeg ua haujlwm xa xov xwm tshaj tawm hauv xov tooj cua nrog rau kev pabcuam hauv internet ntawm cov txheej txheem zoo ib yam. 1550 nm video overlay yog qhov tsawg zuj zus hauv kev xa tawm tshiab -IPTV hla cov ntaub ntawv wavelengths ua rau kev nkag siab ntau dua kev lag luam-tab sis cov txheej txheem qub txeeg qub teg tseem muaj RF video.
Tom ntej no -cov txheej txheem tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntxiv. XGS-PON siv 1577 nm downstream los ua ke nrog GPON ntawm tib ODN. Txoj kev xav ua kom maj mam tsiv teb tsaws chaw: GPON cov neeg siv khoom txuas nrog thaum XGS-PON ONTs qhib rau tib lub fiber ntau, tib lub splitters, tib yam txhua yam.
Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke suab yooj yim tab sis yuav tsum muaj lub wavelength - thaiv cov ntxaij lim dej ntawm GPON ONTs los tiv thaiv 1577 nm teeb liab los ntawm kev cuam tshuam lawv cov neeg txais. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb.
OLT architecture: lub hauv paus chaw ua haujlwm lub hlwb
Niaj hnub nimno OLTs dais me ntsis zoo li cov khoom siv thaum ntxov. Tam sim no chassis platforms los ntawm Huawei (MA5800 series), ZTE (ZXA10 C6xx), Nokia (ISAM FX), thiab lwm yam ntim tau zoo kawg nkaus ntom-ntau pua ntawm PON ports, ntau 100GE uplinks, kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev tswj xyuas cov neeg siv khoom.
Ib txwm siab - muaj peev xwm configuration:
16-qhov chassis
Dual redundant tswj daim npav (yuav tsum tau rau kev xa khoom xa tuaj)
Ntau daim npav PON (16 chaw nres nkoj txhua, GPON / XGS-PON / combo)
100GE uplink phaib txuas rau metro/core network
Kev saib xyuas ib puag ncig, kev kuaj pom tus kab mob tuag, cov neeg nqa khoom ib txwm muaj - qib yuav tsum tau muaj
Lub PON MAC (Media Access Control) kev ua haujlwm tswj hwm qhov nyuaj: DBA (Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation) arbitrating upstream timeslots ntawm ntau pua ONTs, xws li cov txheej txheem kom ntseeg tau tias tawg xa tawm los ntawm ONTs ntawm qhov sib txawv tuaj txog ua raws li OLT receiver, encryption key tswj,
DBA algorithms sib txawv heev ntawm cov neeg muag khoom. Cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb txhais cov kev pabcuam (tso, ruaj khov, tsis yog- paub tseeb, zoo tshaj - kev siv zog) tab sis cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv- lub kaw lus teb sai npaum li cas rau kev hloov pauv kev xav tau, kev faib bandwidth ncaj ncees npaum li cas nyob rau hauv congestion- cov no yog cov tswv cuab sib txawv.
Qhov poob installation kev muaj tiag
Cov ntaub ntawv engineering yeej tsis tau ntes dab tsi FTTH kev teeb tsa koom nrog hauv kev xyaum.
Ib qho chaw nyob ib puag ncig txhais tau hais tias: nrhiav qhov chaw xa khoom ze tshaj plaws, xa cov fiber ntau los ntawm qhov ntawd mus rau qhov chaw (aerial, faus, lossis kev tsim kho), nkag mus rau cov qauv ntawm qhov chaw txais tau rau tus tswv tsev, khiav sab hauv cabling mus rau ONT qhov chaw, xaus ob qho tib si, sim, ua kom muaj kev pabcuam.
Txhua kauj ruam muaj kev ua tsis tiav. Tso cai ncua. Conduit puv. Tus tswv tsev tsis kam drilling. Sab hauv routing thaiv los ntawm HVAC lossis cov khoom siv. Tam sim no ONT qhov chaw tsis muaj qhov hluav taws xob. Fiber puas thaum lub sij hawm installation. Cov qhabnias xeem marginal.
Cov kws tshaj lij ua tiav cov qauv kev teeb tsa hauv qab ob teev. Teeb meem installs haus tag nrho hnub. Tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm kev teeb tsa sib txawv ntawm wildly-150instraightforwardMDUenvironmentsto150instraightforwardMDUenvironmentsto1,500+ rau cov neeg nyob deb nroog ntev uas xav tau kev tsim kho dav hlau tshiab.
Cov kev lag luam poob qis feem ntau txiav txim siab FTTx kev lag luam cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li lwm yam. Cov neeg khiav dej num obsess tshaj "tus nqi ib zaug dhau" (infrastructure tsim) piv rau "tus nqi ib tus neeg siv khoom" (infrastructure activated) rau qhov laj thawj zoo.
Kev daws teeb meem: nrhiav teeb meem hauv mais ntawm iav
Fiber cog teeb meem sib txawv hauv paus ntawm tooj liab diagnostics. Koj tsis tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov tsis kam lossis kuaj qhov qhib thiab luv. Optical Time Domain Reflectometers (OTDR) dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb-lawv txhaj lub teeb pulses thiab txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv rov qab los rau daim ntawv qhia fiber ntau, txheeb xyuas cov xwm txheej (splices, connectors, so), thiab ntsuas qhov poob ntawm txhua qhov chaw.
Kev kawm nyeem OTDR cov cim yog ib yam ntawm kev kos duab. Koj tab tom txhais cov npe kos npe: lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj qhia txog qhov sib txuas lossis cov khoom siv sib txuas, tsis yog - cov kauj ruam tsis cuam tshuam qhia tias fusion splice lossis khoov, dheev poob rau lub suab nrov hauv pem teb txhais tau tias so.
Common tsis ua hauj lwm scenarios:
- Macro-khoov: Fiber khoov nruj heev nyob ib ncig ntawm cov ces kaum los yog crushed nyob rau hauv conduit. Feem ntau tshwm raws li kev poob siab yam tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim pom tseeb. Kev daws yog feem ntau yog kuaj lub cev thiab rov ua haujlwm.
- Cov kab mob sib kis: Cov plua plav ib leeg tuaj yeem ua rau qhov poob qis los ntawm ob peb dB. Kev ntxuav fiber ntau tsis yog xaiv tau- nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej txhua qhov kev sib txuas. Cov thev naus laus zis zoo nqa cov kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas thiab cov khoom siv ntxuav kev ntseeg.
- Nas puas: Remarkably muaj nyob rau saum huab cua thiab ib co faus nroj tsuag. Squirrels pom tau tias nyiam zom cov kab fiber ntau. Cov qauv kev puas tsuaj ntawm OTDR zoo li tawg tab sis kev soj ntsuam hauv cheeb tsam qhia txog qhov laj thawj tiag. Armored cables pab. Feem ntau.
- Splitter tsis ua hauj lwm: Tsis tshua muaj tab sis tsis paub. Cov dej nkag mus rau hauv uas tsis yog -gel- puv splice kaw tuaj yeem ua rau cov pigtails puas tsuaj. Cov kev sib faib ua tsis tiav cuam tshuam rau ntau tus neeg siv khoom ib txhij-ib qho kev kuaj mob thaum ob peb ONTs ntawm tib txoj kev faib tawm mus offline ua ke.
Kev saib xyuas kev ua tau zoo: qhov network qhia koj li cas
Niaj hnub no OLTs sau cov telemetry uas nws kim heev: tau txais lub zog kho qhov muag los ntawm txhua ONT, me ntsis kev ua yuam kev, FEC kho suav, kev txheeb xyuas tsheb. Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntse kuv cov ntaub ntawv no.
Optical hwj chim trending qhia degrading kev sib txuas ua ntej lawv ua tsis tiav. Ib qho ONT nyeem -24 dBm uas maj mam poob rau -26 dBm tshaj rau lub hlis qhia tias muaj teeb meem txhim kho-kev sib txuas degradation, cable puas, cov nroj tsuag loj hlob mus rau saum huab cua. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb hais txog cov teeb meem ua ntej cov neeg siv khoom cuam tshuam tsis ua haujlwm.
FEC (Forward Error Correction) cov txheeb cais muaj lwm qhov kev ceeb toom ntxov. Txhim kho qhov yuam kev suav suav txhais tau hais tias qhov txuas tau ua haujlwm nyob ze nws cov npoo npoo txawm tias tsis muaj qhov tsis raug kho. Qhov ntawd yog qhov system qhia koj tias nws ua haujlwm hnyav dua li qhov yuav tsum tau ua.
Traffic analytics qhia txog kev npaj peev xwm. PON cov chaw nres nkoj twg mus txog qhov kev sib tsoo thaum lub sijhawm siab tshaj? Dab tsi ONTs siv cov bandwidth tsis sib npaug? Qhov twg yuav tsum hloov kho tshiab splitter tom ntej tshwm sim?
Evolution: 10G, 25G, thiab tshaj
Kev nce bandwidth txuas ntxiv mus tsis tu ncua.
XGS-PON (10 Gbps symmetrical) yog lub hauv paus tam sim no, nquag siv thoob ntiaj teb. Tib yam ODN infrastructure li GPON- cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem hloov kho los ntawm kev sib pauv OLT daim npav thiab ONTs yam tsis tau kov cov nroj tsuag sab nraud.
25G-PON thiab 50G-PON sawv cev rau qhov nce ntxiv tom ntej. IEEE 802.3ca txhais 25/50G EPON variants. ITU-T G.9804 npog 50G-PON. Cov no yuav muaj feem cuam tshuam txog kev xa tawm ib ncig ntawm 2025-2027.
Ntxiv rau qhov ntawd, kev sib koom ua ke PON thev naus laus zis. Ib txwm PON siv kev tshawb nrhiav ncaj qha- siv qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub transmitter, yooj yim photodiode ntawm lub receiver. Coherent systems ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv theem thiab polarization, ua kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo dua thiab nrawm dua, tab sis xav tau ntau dua (kub) ONT optics. Txawm hais tias kev sib koom ua ke PON yuav ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev lag luam loj - kev pabcuam hauv khw tseem tsis paub meej.
F5G (Fifth Generation Fixed Network) lub moj khaum los ntawm ETSI sim los txheeb xyuas cov peev txheej thiab siv cov xwm txheej: txhim kho qhov txuas txuas txuas ntxiv, tag nrho - fiber ntau txuas, lav kev paub tseeb. Kev lag luam raws li kev cai. Cov khoom siv hauv qab no suav nrog 50G-PON, Wi-Fi 7, kev txiav txim siab kev sib txuas lus, kev tswj hwm ODN ntse.
Kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam: PON tshaj qhov chaw nyob
Cov neeg nyob hauv internet tau tsav FTTx xa mus thaum ntxov tab sis cov ntawv thov kev lag luam nce qhov teeb meem.
FTTO (Fiber Rau Lub Chaw Ua Haujlwm) hloov cov qauv cabling nrog PON. Ib qho fiber ntau rau txhua lub rooj, passive splitters hauv qab nthab, ib qho OLT hauv chav xov tooj. Cov neeg tawm tswv yim hais txog kev txo cov tooj liab cabling, yooj yim txav / ntxiv / hloov, txo qis zog siv. Cov neeg thuam taw qhia tias kev hloov pauv Ethernet tus qauv yog qhov paub tab, zoo - nkag siab, thiab tsis xav tau kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb. Kev saws me nyuam tseem me me tab sis loj hlob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho tshiab uas tseem tsis tau teeb tsa cov txheej txheem cabling.
Industrial PON tsom rau kev tsim khoom ib puag ncig. Tus nqi lus pom zoo: fiber ntau tiv thaiv electromagnetic cuam tshuam, passive Cheebtsam uas tsis poob nyob rau hauv hnyav tej yam kev mob, ntev mus txog yam tsis muaj repeaters. Cov kev sib tw ua tau suav nrog qhov tsis muaj cov khoom siv PON cov qauv tsim thiab kev koom ua ke nrog cov tshuab ua haujlwm uas twb muaj lawm.
5G fronthaul sawv cev rau PON lub sijhawm loj. Cov chaw nres tsheb hauv paus xav tau siab - muaj peev xwm rov qab; passive optical thauj khoom muaj kev lag luam yooj yim piv rau kev ua haujlwm fiber ntau lossis kev sib txuas hauv microwave . 25G-PON tshwj xeeb yog tsom rau cov ntawv thov mobile fronthaul nrog rau qhov tsim nyog latency thiab jitter yam ntxwv.
FTTx tsis yog ib yam dab tsi -nws yog ib qho spectrum ntawm architectures, technologies, thiab tradeoffs hloov mus rau ntau yam kev lag luam thiab thaj chaw. Lub acronym suab yooj yim. Qhov tseeb muaj ntau xyoo dhau los ntawm kev ua qauv tsim qauv, ntau lab nyiaj daus las hauv kev nqis peev hauv vaj tse, thiab suav tsis txheeb engineering kev txiav txim siab ua raws li qhov tseeb - kev txwv hauv ntiaj teb. Qhov me me "x" npog ntau hauv av.