Transceivers Networking txhim kho kev ua haujlwm

 

 

Kev Hloov Cais Tes Ua Haujlwm Ua Haujlwm Txhim Kho Kev Txhim Kho Kev Txhim Kho Los ntawm Cov Xwm Txheej Txheem Kev Hloov Dua Tshiab, Txo Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Siv Khoom Siv. Cov cuab yeej siv no kis thiab tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ib txhij, hloov hluav taws xob ua kom nrawm nrawm thaum siv cov khoom siv tsawg dua piv rau cov kev daws teeb meem.

 

 

Cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb ua ke hauv kev ua haujlwm hloov chaw

 

Kev Hloov Pauv Network muaj nuj nqi raws li kev sib txuas lus Balirectional uas ua rau ob qho tib si kev sib kis thiab txais tos ntawm cov npe cim cov ntaub ntawv. Hauv kev koom tes tam sim no, cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke pab txhawb cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm 100 GBPS rau 800 Gbps, nrog rau yav tom ntej txoj kev taw tes taw tshaj li 1.6 TBPs. Qhov ua tau zoo kom kav qia los ntawm ntau qhov kev ua haujlwm ua haujlwm hauv kev hais kwv txhiaj.

Thaum transceivers network hloov hluav taws xob kos npe rau kho qhov cim, lawv tshem tawm ntau qhov chaw sib kis hauv hluav taws xob. Cov khoom siv fiber ntau xa teeb ci los ntawm cov kev sib txuam ntawm cov kev cuam tshuam ntau dua li cov teeb meem hluav taws xob uas tuaj yeem hloov kho cov hluav taws xob. Qhov kev siv tau zoo dua kom txo cov nqi yuam kev thiab qhov xav tau rau cov rov qab, txhim kho kev txhim kho ncaj qha los ntawm kev ua haujlwm.

Lub modular tsim ntawm kev hloov pauv coj cov txiaj ntsig kev ua haujlwm ntxiv. Kub {{- swappable transceivers tso cai rau cov thawj coj network los hloov kho lossis hloov cov khoom siv tsis muaj kaw cov tshuab. Qhov kub no {- Swappable xwm txhais tau tias lawv tuaj yeem hloov pauv lossis hloov kho lub network, nrog kev cuam tshuam tsawg thiab cuam tshuam. Thaum koj tuaj yeem sib pauv ib lub 100g module rau 400g module hauv feeb ntau dua li teev, kev siv tau muaj kev txhim kho kom haum.

Niaj hnub kev hloov pauv niaj hnub kuj txuas cov teeb liab kev ua kom muaj peev xwm ua tau qhov muaj peev xwm uas tau txhim kho teeb liab zoo. Cov no dsp chips ua tiag - Kev kho sij hawm kho, teeb liab kev sib luag, thiab kev kho kom haum. Thaum cov txheej txheem no haus lub zog, lawv tiv thaiv cov paib kev ncaj ncees ntau dua li cov khoom siv uas xav tau rau cov ntaub ntawv siv tau thiab rov ua dua tshiab.

 

Kev siv hluav taws xob rau kev kho kom zoo

 

Kev txuag hluav taws xob kev ua tau zoo sawv cev ib qho ntawm cov kev txhim kho cuam tshuam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws coj mus rau cov txhab hluav taws xob niaj hnub. Lub ntiaj teb kev ua lag luam transcational tau kwv yees ntawm $ 13.6 billion hauv 2024 thiab yuav tsum tau txais $ 25.0%, loj hlob ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob kev xav tau los ntawm Hyperscale cov ntaub ntawv.

Cov Tsoos Tsoos mus rau high -} ceev network yuav tsum muaj hwj chim ntau dua qub txeeg qub teg. Tsis ntev los no kev tsim kho tau hloov pauv qhov sib luag no. LPO (Linear Pluggable Optics) technology eliminates the DSP chip from optical transceivers, reducing power consumption by 30-50% compared to equivalent DSP-based modules. Los ntawm kev txav teeb liab kev ua haujlwm rau tus tswv tsev hloov ntau dua li qhov kev hloov pauv nws tus kheej, LPO architecture txiav lub zog hluav taws xob thaum tswj kev ua tau zoo.

Co -}} Packaged Optics (CPO) tshuab thawb kev ua tau zoo txawm tias ntxiv. CPO Transceivers Ua kom ua tiav kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm 5 PJ / me me, ntawm qhov qis qis hauv lawv cov chav kawm, los ntawm kev txo cov hluav taws xob kis tau los ntawm cov neeg zej zog tso rau ntawm tus pas mus rau lub pob. No ultra -} Kev sib koom tes ua ke yog sawv cev ntawm rethining rethining ntawm transceer tso thiab tsim.

Cov dej - ib - gigabet metric qhia cov dab neeg tiag tiag. Ib xyoo caum dhau los, txav ib tus gigabit ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav haus 10-15 watts. Niaj hnub no txoj kev hloov pauv tau tshaj tawm kev daws teeb meem ua haujlwm ntawm 2-3 watts rau ib tus gigabities, nrog kev tawm ntawm cov thev naus laus zis thawb mus rau 1 watt lossis tsawg dua. Nyob rau hauv ib lub chaw khaws ntaub ntawv nrog ntau txhiab tus neeg nres nkoj hauv network, qhov sib txawv no txhais tau megawatts ntawm cov kev ua kom tau txais kev cawmdim thiab kev ua kom txias dua.

Daim Ntawv Factor Evolution tseem txhawb rau kev ua kom muaj zog. QSFP - DD Cov Qauv ZD feem ntau muab cov watts zoo dua {} Per {} kev tsim qauv dua li CFP2 tsim rau tib cov ntaub ntawv. Cov ntawv me me ntim ntau dua thaum faib hluav taws kub kom zoo dua, pub cov chaw nres nkoj ntau yam tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam hauv lub zog cov cuab yeej.

 

 

Bandwidth muaj peev xwm thiab latency txo

 

Qhov system topped kev txhim kho los ntawm kev hloov tsheb mus txuas ntxiv dhau ntawm kev ua kom ceev ceev. Lub peev xwm rau ntau cov ntaub ntawv ntws hla kev sib txuas cov ntaub ntawv fiber ntau cov ntsiab lus hloov pauv Network architecture.

Wavelength division multipxing (WDM) tso cai rau kev sib kis ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv ntws hla lub chaw muaj khoom siv ib zaug thiab ua kom zoo cov ntaub ntawv txaus thaum muab latency latency. Ib qho fiber ntau strand tuaj yeem nqa 80 lossis ntau dua cov wavelength raws, txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm 100g lossis ntau dua ceev. Qhov no txhais tau tias ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm lub cev ua rau cov lus qhia txog kev sib sau ua ke ntawm kev sib sau ua ke.

Kev txo cov teeb meem latencely teeb meem loj heev rau lub sijhawm - refining applications. Tshem tawm DSP ua los ntawm kev hloov pauv mus rau kev ua kom tiav qhov kawg} {{{{{{{4 4}} zaus trading qhov twg microseconds teeb meem. Thaum Nanoseconds suab tsis tseem ceeb, lawv tau nthuav dav thoob plaws ntau hops. Nyob rau hauv ib tug loj {7} i zaus ai kev cob qhia pawg nrog ntau txhiab tus GPU interconnections, latency txuag mus rau qhov kev ua tau zoo nce.

Muaj peev xwm nyob deb kuj tau nthuav dav heev. Niaj hnub nimno coherent optical transceivers txhawb metropolitan thiab ntev {1} g zro cheeb tsam sib txuas thiab cov lag luam Qhov no tshem tawm cov teeb liab kev teeb tsa hauv nruab siab, txo ob tus nqi peev thiab cov ntsiab lus tsis ua tiav.

Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov bandwidth nce thiab txo qis latency tsim cov nyhuv ntau. Cov ntawv thov tuaj yeem txav cov ntaub so kom loj dua thaum saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm zoo. Database replication uas ib zaug siv teev ua tiav hauv feeb. Video Rov Ua Liaj Ua Teb Ua Haujlwm Raws li yog cov hauv zos txawm tias faib thoob plaws.

 

Scalability thiab kev txhim kho kev kub ntxhov

 

Niaj hnub nimno cov ntaub ntawv chaw architecture thov kev ua lag luam uas tsis muaj nuj nqis. Kev Hloov Kho Networking Ua qhov no los ntawm kev pheej pheej shrinking daim ntawv uas ntim peev ntau rau hauv chaw tsawg.

Daim ntawv me me zoo li qsfp - DD thiab OSFP tso cai rau cov chaw tso pa tawm hauv ib lub chaw muag khoom hauv ib qho, tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom tau txais kev thov kom muaj kev xav tau. Ib qho siab tshaj - ntawm {{page tau hloov pauv uas ib zaug tau txais 32 ports ntawm 400g lossis 800g hauv tib txoj kev siv lub cev. Qhov no sawv cev rau 100 x nce rau hauv cov bandwidth tsis muaj chaw nyob hauv pem teb.

Cov qauv modular ntawm kev hloov pauv kev txhawb txhawb cov tswv yim kev pab txhawb ntxiv. Network kws kos duab tau xa mus hloov chaw nrog cov chaw nres nkoj transceiver, ua kom muaj peev xwm ntxiv uas muaj peev xwm nce ntxiv. Qhov no zam kev overprovisioning thaum tswj hwm chav kom muaj kev loj hlob. Cov koom haum them nyiaj rau bandwidth raws li xav tau ntau dua li theoretical ntau tshaj plaws muaj peev xwm uas tej zaum yuav tsis tau lees.

Tured transceivers ntxiv lwm qhov ntev ntawm kev hloov tau. Tunins Transceivers Muab kev sib xyaw nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntawm 1000G mus rau 400g, tso cai rau kev sib tw sib txawv yam tsis tas yuav muaj transce network rau txhua cov ntaub ntawv. Ib qho chaw ua si sib hloov tau tuaj yeem pab tau ntau yam xwm txheej kev tawm tsam, ua kom yooj yim dua spare chaw tswj hwm thiab txo kev ua haujlwm.

Kev siv ntom txhim kho kuj tau ua haujlwm rau hauv cov txhab hluav taws xob tau txais txiaj ntsig. Lub zog ua chaw nres nkoj siab dua txhais tau tias tsawg dua cov tshuab nqus hluav taws xob yuav tsum muaj rau tib qho kev sib txuas. Tsawg dua cov txhais lus kom txo hwj chim siv hluav taws xob, tsawg dua txias cov txhab, thiab qis dua cov nqi vaj tse. Qhov chaw txuag hluav taws xob dawb tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tseem ceeb hauv pem teb thaj chaw rau kev sib piv cov khoom siv es tsis yog khoom siv network.

 

Advanced technologies tsav tom ntej -} greatics efficiency

 

Silicon photonics kev sib xyaw ua ke sawv cev rau kev hloov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim qauv transceiver. Silicon photonics sib xyaw kho qhov muag ua rau cov khoom siv roj ntsha ua si, txo cov nqi tsim khoom lag luam uas txhawb nqa cov kev hloov tsheb uas txhawb cov ntaub ntawv ntau dua. Cov kev tsim qauv coj kev lag luam ntawm cov nplai sib thooj zoo ib yam li cov uas daws teeb meem sumiconductor ntau lawm.

The move toward 800G and beyond creates new efficiency paradigms. 800G technologies offer the speed and low latency needed to meet AI-driven application demands while being designed for greater energy efficiency. Cov ultra {{{}} high- Ceev transceivers in Indulation Innitions, Qhov yuam kev kho, thiab kev tswj hwm thermal.

Pam4 (Mem Tes qhov txawv txav 4 {}}}}}}}}} to-xoom) encoding. Pam4 kev ntsuas lub zog 400G / 800G ethernet, tab sis nws ntsib cov suab nrov suab nrov uas yuav tsum tau ua cov teeb liab sophisticated. Txawm hais tias cov kev sib tw ua haujlwm, PAM4

Coherent optics thev naus laus zis txuas ntxiv thaum tswj kev ua tau zoo. Coherent optics siv nyob rau hauv ZR / ZR + Modules pab tau metro thiab ntev} kev saws saws mam xav kom loj hlob 10 x los ntawm 2030 vim 2030 vim muaj 2030 vim 2030 vim muaj 2030 vim 2030 vim 2030 vim muaj 2030 vim 2030 vim muaj 2030 vim 2030 vim 2030 vim muaj 2030 vim 2030 vim 2030 vim muaj 2030 vim 2030 vim muaj kev nce qib siab. Cov txheej txheem kom paub txog cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv los ntawm cov cim kho kho tshiab, ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo nrawm dua ntawm kev ua kom nrawm dua.

Digital CAREADSORATIONS SUV (DDM) lub peev xwm ua rau hauv transceivers niaj hnub pab tau kev tswj hwm cov kev tswj hwm. DDM muab tiag tiag -}} Kev nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv ua tau zoo nrog rau qhov kub thiab txias, tso cai rau cov kev siv hluav taws xob rau kev sib tw thiab daws cov teeb meem muaj peev xwm ua ntej lawv nce. Qhov kev ua ntej kev ua tiav lub peev xwm tiv thaiv tsis tiav uas yuav cuam tshuam rau system {{3} dav dav degradation.

 

Cov Lus Nquag Nug

 

Yuav ua li cas txoj kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob lub network piv rau cov khoom siv tsooses?

Kev hloov pauv latency los ntawm kev hloov dua tshiab ncaj qha hloov dua siab tshiab tsis muaj qib kev lom zem. Niaj hnub LPO cov qauv siv tshem tawm cov chips uas ua kom cov khoom qeeb, thaum kis qhov muag tsis kam lees qhov kev tshaj tawm hauv tooj liab. Cov nyhuv sib xyaw ua ke txo ib {{mig}}}}} kev siv nyiaj txiag uas nyob rau lub sijhawm ua lag luam.

Dab tsi ua rau kho qhov transceivater ntau lub zog ntau zog {{}}}}}}} Kev daws teeb meem?

Kho dua tshiab Transceivers Hloov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob teeb tsa rau lub teeb hluav taws xob rau lub teeb, uas mus los ntawm fiber ntau nrog kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg. Transceivers tuaj yeem tsim los hloov ntawm cov khoom xa tawm thiab tau txais cov qauv muaj zog, txuag hluav taws xob kom khiav sib cais thiab cov khoom siv nyiaj tau ib txhij. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cim muag muag tsis raug kev txom nyem los ntawm hluav taws xob tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, tshem tawm cov hluav taws xob cua sov uas siv hluav taws xob hauv lub zog. Cov qauv tsim niaj hnub ua tiav 2-3 watts rau ib tus gigabitalive versus 10-15 watts rau tooj liab sib npaug.

Kuv puas tuaj yeem hloov kho transgarivers yam tsis muaj hloov pauv txhua lub network hloov?

Yog lawm, kub {- swappable tsim ntawm cov transgleres feem ntau tso cai rau kev hloov kho tsis muaj kev kaw lus hauv qab. Koj tuaj yeem hloov 100g modules nrog 400g lossis 800g versions raws li bandwidth xav tau loj hlob, muab koj lub pob xa mus txhawb nqa cov kev ceev dua. Cov lus no tau los tiv thaiv kev nqis peev hauv tsev thaum ua kom muaj kev txhim kho kev ua tau zoo. Tsuas yog pov hwm kev sib raug zoo ntawm Transceiver daim ntawv thiab koj cov chaw nres nkoj hloov ua ntej kev yuav khoom.

Yuav ua li cas transceivers lis kev nce AI thiab Clo huab xam cov haujlwm ua haujlwm?

Niaj hnub Transcceivers network network Nplai cov nplai kom tau raws li AI xav tau los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siab dua thiab qis dua. AI cov ntawv thov cuam tshuam nrog cov qauv loj thiab siab {{1} Kev ua tau zoo sib xyaw ua ke los ua kom ntseeg tau cov ntaub ntawv zoo dua thiab hloov pauv hauv thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov chaw zov me nyuam. Lub 800g thiab tawm kev hloov kho 1.6T Transpose uas xav tau rau GPU {{6} {{6} {{6} {6}-

 

 

Ua cov peev txheej ua haujlwm

 

Kev txhim kho kev ua tau zoo los ntawm kev hloov pauv Network Txoj cai -} sizzing ntau yam zoo kawg li. Siv 40km transceiver rau ib 500 {{{{}} meter txuas siv nyiaj thiab lub zog. Conversely, under-commes tsim bottlenecks uas negate efficiency nce rau lwm qhov hauv lub system.

Kev ua kom tiav kev ua tiav kev ua yuam kev kim heev. Thaum cov kev hloov pauv feem ntau ua raws Multi - Qhov chaw pom zoo (MSA) cov qauv, tsis yog txhua tus qauv ua haujlwm zoo nrog txhua qhov hloov. Kev kuaj ua ntej loj- nplai siv cov teeb meem cuam tshuam thaum lawv tau kho tau ntau dua li tom qab ntau txhiab tus qauv nruab nrab. Cov thawj coj ua kom tiav meej meej ua rau cov thawj tswj hwm network tuaj yeem siv cov txiaj ntsig zoo xws li cov nyiaj tau los sib kis tau yam tsis muaj teeb meem cuam tshuam ntau yam teeb meem.

Tag nrho tus nqi sib npaug txuas ntxiv txuas ntxiv ntawm kev yuav khoom. Lub zog cov nqi feem ntau yog cov nuj nqis ua haujlwm dhau ntawm kev hloov pauv lub neej. Ib qho qauv uas raug nqi 30% ntau dua tab sis siv 40% tsawg dua kev xa khoom zoo dua kev lag luam hauv ob xyoos. Qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txias nyiaj ... {5 5}} Txhua txhua watt

Kev soj ntsuam cov cuab yeej network uas taug qab ib {{}}} kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev ntsuas kev siv tshuaj thiab kev pom kev ua tau zoo. Koj tsis tuaj yeem tswj hwm qhov koj tsis ntsuas. Tiag -} Kev kuaj mob los txheeb xyuas kev hloov pauv ua ntej lawv cuam tshuam kev ntseeg tau. Thaum twg lub laser lub zog tso zis tawm sab nraud specifications, hloov qhov module no tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua haujlwm dav dav.

 

Kev siv kev muaj tiag

 

Txoj kev xav tau transceivers txhim kho kev ua tau zoo. Xyaum lees paub nws, txawm tias tsis yog ib txwm ntseeg tau. Kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias kev tswj nyob rau hauv high - qhov chaw ntom ntom ntom kom ua tib zoo saib. Ntim ntau dhau 400g lossis 800g transceivers mob Airflow tej yam kev mob, thiab thermal throttling kev ua tau zoo rau qhov uas tau txais kev ua haujlwm tau ploj mus.

Cable nroj tsuag zoo teeb meem ntau dua ntawm kev ceev dua. Kev sib txuas fiber ntau uas ua haujlwm zoo ntawm 10g tej zaum yuav swb ntawm 100g vim muaj kev nce siab kom tawg thiab poob. Kev ntxuav tu ua rau tseem ceeb {{4 4}} ib speck ntawm hmoov av uas ua rau kev mob siab rau ntawm qis nrawm tuaj yeem thaiv 800g cim nkaus xwb. Cov peev txheej Infrastructure hauv kev hloov chaw yuav tsum muaj kev saib xyuas rau lub passive optical Cheebtsam.

Kev cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum tsis txhob saib xyuas. Tus kws tshaj lij uas tau ua haujlwm nrog SFP Modules rau xyoo xav tau kev paub hloov kho tshiab rau qsfp- DD thiab OSFP daim qauv. Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem sib txawv me ntsis. Kev kuaj mob hloov pauv. Yog tsis muaj kev cob qhia tsim nyog, cov ntsiab lus muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev hloov pauv niaj hnub mus rau kev nkag siab lossis misconfigured.

Cov tswv yim tsiv teb tsaws hluav taws xob cuam tshuam kom koj tau txais txiaj ntsig tau sai. Forklift hloov kho tshiab {{1} hloov txhua yam ntawm - xa cov khoom siv tam sim ntawd tab sis yuav tsum tau txais kev pabcuam Windows thiab ua tib zoo npaj. Kev tsiv tsev maj mam kis tawm cov nqi thiab kev pheej hmoo tab sis tsim kev hloov pauv hloov tsis zoo li qub thiab cov khoom siv tshiab. Feem ntau cov koom haum pom txoj kev nruab nrab, tsom siab} daim npav caij theem uas txhim kho qhov cuam tshuam loj tshaj plaws.

Thaum koj tau txais cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, cov txiaj ntsig tau hais meej. Cov Chaw Teev Cov Ntaub Ntawv Tshaj Tawm 20 {{{- 30% txo nyob rau hauv kev siv zog siv hluav taws xob tom qab hloov kho kev hloov pauv. Latency -} Cov ntawv thov rhiab qhia ntsuas kev ntsuas tau zoo. Chaw nres nkoj ceev nce chaw pub dawb rau cov nyiaj tau los tsim kho tau-tsim cov khoom siv. Kev txhim kho tau zoo thoob plaws thoob plaws tus txheej txheem tag nrho, kev pab cov txiaj ntsig uas tshaj li cas rau cov neeg tshwj xeeb qhia tawm.