Transceiver cov haujlwm muaj xws li cov paib hloov dua siab tshiab
Oct 30, 2025|
Transceivers ua cov teeb liab bidirection hloov dua siab tshiab, hloov hluav taws xob cov cim rau kev sib kis rau kev sib kis rau kev sib kis, tom qab ntawd thim cov txheej txheem ntawm qhov tau txais kawg. Ntawm tag nrho transceiver ua haujlwm, teeb liab hloov dua siab tshiab uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, enabling cov ntaub ntawv kom ua tau zoo thoob plaws cov hluav taws xob, wireless networks, thiab lwm yam xov xwm sib txuas lus, thiab lwm yam kev sib txuas lus wireless.
Plaub -} Txheej hloov hloov dua tshiab
Cov teeb liab hloov dua siab tshiab hauv kev hloov pauv mus txog ntawm plaub qhov sib txawv, txhua tus tuav txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb kev hloov pauv. Cov txheej txheem txheej txheej piav txog vim li cas Transceivers tuaj yeem txhawb nqa cov ntaub ntawv cov ntaub ntawv tshaj li 400 gbps thaum tswjfwm kev ntseeg siab thoob plaws ntawm100+ kilometers. Nkag siab cov tub ntxhais hloov chaw ua haujlwm pom tias cov ntaub ntawv tsiv ua ke ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm lub cev.
Hloov dua siab lub cevua lub hauv paus. Hauv kev hloov kho kho qhov muag, laser dieres Ut Hluav Taws Xob Hloov Ua Si tam sim no rau ntawm cov wavelength ntawm cov waveltengthe} Ib txwm muaj 850nm thiab 1550nm rau kev nce mus ntev dua. Cov txheej txheem rov qab siv photodiodes uas tsim hluav taws xob tam sim no thaum ntaus los ntawm kev pom kev. RF transceivers lis kev hloov pauv sib txawv, hloov pauv cov pob tw rau xov tooj cua sib xyaw (RF) hauv megahertz mus rau ntawm cov megahertz mus rau hauv lub megahertz rau ggahertz ntau.
Encoding Conterersionzaum saum toj no lub cev txheej. Niaj hnub nimno siab - kev hloov tsheb ceev ntau ntxiv siv cov pa4 (tsis yog}}} rov qab} rau-xoom) encoding. Pam4 ob npaug ntawm cov khoom kis tau ib lub cim los ntawm kev siv plaub lub cim kev ua tiav lawv cov kev khiav nrawm ntau li 200g tshuab. Qhov txheej txheem encoding kuj tseem muab daws cov yuam kev tom ntej (FEC), ntxiv kev rov ua dua tshiab uas tso cai rau tus txais cov ntaub ntawv tsis ncaj uas tsis muaj cov xa rov qab.
Txheej txheem kev yoogtswj hwm lub interface ntawm cov qauv network. Ib qho kev hloov pauv yuav tau txais 100gbase - SR4 Ethernet paib ntawm sab hluav taws xob thaum kis tau plaub ntu ntawm 25 gbps optical cim. Cov txheej no kom ntseeg tau tias cov cuab yeej sib txawv no tuaj yeem sib txuas lus sib txuas, tuav cov ntawv sau ua haujlwm, sijhawm ua haujlwm rov qab, thiab tso moos.
Daim phiajcim mobsawv cev rau txheej txheej optimization. Transceivers puas tau them cov chromatic dispersion nyob rau hauv ntev {1} haul fiber ntau dua, thiab kev lag luam digital teeb liab kev sib txawv (DSP) kom sib luag channel tsis sib xws. Hauv qhov kho qhov muag transcier muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm $ 13.6 billion hauv 2024, cov peev txheej kev ua kom zoo sawv cev rau qhov tseem ceeb hloov pauv hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom lag luam.
Hluav taws xob - rau -} dua kho kho dua mechanics
Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hluav taws xob rau photons muaj cov koom nrog ua ke tswj sicymeructor physics. When electrical signals reach the transceiver, a laser driver IC amplifies and conditions them to power either a Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) or Distributed Feedback Laser (DFB). VCSels dominate luv - deb daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv cov chaw zov me nyuam vim tias lawv tsawg dua los tsim khoom. DFB lasers, nrog lawv cov nqaj ruaj khov thiab nqaim laywidth, kov ntev- deb kev xa mus uas teeb liab ploj thiab cuam tshuam ua qhov tseem ceeb.
Cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm encodes digital cov ntaub ntawv rau lub teeb tsis los ntawm kev sib txawv. Ib lub binary '1' yuav sib haum rau cov zis ntau laser, thaum '0' sawv cev rau cov zis tsawg kawg {ho sophisticated siv ntau cov schemes. Lub teeb sib luag ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj hluav taws xob muaj optic cables los ntawm precision- kev ua kom nrawm nrawm rau hauv nruab nrab (kwv yees li 200,000 mais ib ob hauv Silica Fiber).
Ntawm qhov tau txais kawg, photododes (feem ntau tus pin lossis avalanche photodes) rov qab hloov dua siab tshiab. Cov ntaub ntawv tuaj tawm tsam cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semiconductor, kev ywj pheej hluav taws xob thiab tsim hluav taws xob tam sim no rau lub teeb siv. Ib qho transimpedance amplifier (tia) hloov qhov no mus rau hauv voltage thiab nthuav dav nws rau qib kom haum rau digital ua. Tus tau txais cov kev paub rhiab tsis txaus ntseeg {{3} Ntsuas hauv dbm {}}}}}} {Dbm rau ncua kev ncua-ntau.
Qhov kub cuam tshuam rau txhua theem ntawm kev hloov dua siab tshiab no. Laser Wavelength txaus los ntawm kwv yees li 0.1 nm ib tus neeg Celsius, uas yog wavel wavelength) cov ntaub ntawv uas nyob qhov twg raws li 0.8 nm sib nrug. Cov Kev Hloov Kho Kom Zoo Siv Thermal Techal-} los ntawm cov kev ua haujlwm txias rau kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov hla kev lag luam kub.
RF teeb liab hloov dua siab tshiab cov ntsiab cai
Xov tooj cua ua kom muaj kev hloov pauv sib txawv ntawm kev sib cav sib txawv. Hloov chaw rau hluav taws xob rau photons rau photons, lawv hloov pauv cov cim qhia cov digital rau hauv cov kab mob RF modulated RF kom haum rau kev sib kis wireless. Cov RF no txoj kev ua haujlwm cuam tshuam nrog ntau zaus hloov pauv theem theem uas txawv ntawm lawv cov kab mob kho qhov muag tau zoo.
Cov txheej txheem pib nrog cov ntaub ntawv digital los ntawm cov cuab yeej tswj hwm nkag mus rau cov txheej txheem Baseband, uas yog cov duab me me, lossis 64 {{{{} teb hauv cov tshuab niaj hnub no. Cov phiajcim nyuaj no ces txav mus los ntawm cov digital-to-analog converter (DAC) tsim cov hluav taws xob nrawm nrawm.
Zaus sib xyaw los tom ntej no. Cov oscillator hauv zos tsim cov sine ruaj khov ntawm ib qho zaus tsawg zaus, uas sib txuas nrog cov phiajcim nrog cov teeb liab circuital. Los ntawm Heterodyne Conversion, tus lej thiab qhov sib txawv zaus tshwm sim ntawm cov zis tov khoom. Lim cov khoom siv cov kev xav tau cov kev xav tau txuas ntxiv, tam sim no hloov mus rau lub hom phiaj RF. Rau lub cellular transce kev ua haujlwm ntawm 2.4 GHz, qhov no tuaj yeem koom nrog hloov 100 MHz yog teeb liab rau kis tau cov chaw sib kis.
Lub RF teeb liab ces kis los ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob uas txhawb nws kom muaj ntau yam kev sib kis rau Bluetooth, Watts rau cellular puag. Txoj kev sib txuas ntawm tus txais nyiaj tau siv qhov qis- sib xyaw ua ke uas tau hloov dua tshiab, ua raws li Baster rau qhov rhuav tshem thiab txiav tawm.
5G Tes hauj lwm tau thawb RF transceivers mus rau theem tshiab. Lub tshuab Mimo loj heev Siv kaum ob lossis ntau pua transceiver chains ua haujlwm ib txhij, txhua tus tuav cov ntaub ntawv ntws ntawm kev ywj pheej. The GSMA reported 1.6 billion 5G connections by late 2023, with projections reaching 5.5 billion by 2030, driving massive demand for advanced RF transceivers capable of supporting millimeter-wave frequencies and beamforming.
Wavelength division multiplexing hloov dua siab tshiab
Nyob rau hauv lub nroog metropolitan thiab ntev - haul networks, transceivers lis kev hloov pauv ntxiv: wavelength sib cais. CWDM (ntxhib wavelength divenascing) transceivers kis mus rau ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 1270NM rau 1610nm, tso cai rau 18 teev rau ib fiber. Txhua transceer yuav tsum tswj hwm nws txoj kev sib tw wavelength kom tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam cov thev taus. Cov nthwv koob -}} kev tshwj xeeb transceiver muaj zog ua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm muaj peev xwm nthuav tawm cov cable tshiab.
DWDM tshuab thawb qhov no ntxiv, nrog channel sib txuas kom nruj li 0.4nm (50 GHz hauv cov lus sib tshooj). A DWDM Transsts contral hluav taws xob tsis sib xws tsis yog rau qhov kho qhov muag, tab sis mus rau qhov muag ntawm ib qho tseeb {3} t savelengthph, tswj tsis pub dhau ± 2.5 GHz. Qhov no precision xav tau qhov kub-} Stabivized DFB lasers thiab feem ntau yoj cov thawv ntsuas txuas ntxiv thiab kho cov zis.
Kev cuam tshuam ua lag luam yog ntau. Cov ntaub ntawv cov chaw thiab cov chaw muab kev pabcuam huab cia siab rau cov transce tshwj xeeb rau inter {}} {2} Ceg Center centerity. Cov kev ua lag luam kho qhov muag transciver lub phiaj xwm kev loj hlob rau $ 225 (ntawm 13%
Hloov dua siab tshiab thiab latency txiav txim siab
Teeb liab hloov dua siab tshiab tsis yog instantaneous. Txhua theem hloov pauv qhia kev hais tawm qeeb, ntsuas hauv nanoseconds rau microseconds nyob ntawm kev kho mob transceer. Qhov nyuaj ntawm transceiver ua haujlwm ncaj qha kev latency- yooj yim dFP + cov micros yooj yim ntawm DSP kev ua tau tuaj yeem ua qhia 5-10 microseconds.
Txog nyiaj txiag trading platforms thiab tiag {- lub sij hawm siv, cov microseconds teeb meem. Network kws kos duab yuav tsum tau nyiaj rau Transceality hloov pauv lategy thaum xam kawg {} {{kawg ncua cov nyiaj txiag. Qhov nrawm - versus {{}} 10 God module nrog qib siab FEC thiab DSP, txawm hais tias qhov kawg tau txais kev tawm tsam siab dua.
Jitter - sijhawm hloov zuj zus hauv cov phiajcim hloov dua siab tshiab {}}}} tseem muaj kev ua tau zoo. Moos kev nce qib hauv tus txais yuav tsum rho tawm cov ncauj lus kom huv uas muaj cov khoom lag luam ntim khoom uas tau sau cia thiab ntau dua kev hloov dua siab tshiab. Theem -} Xauv loope (plls) lim no jitter, tab sis kev lim dej nruj ua kom muaj kev lim dej ntau ntxiv. Niaj hnub Transcivers CARCEA nqi ntxiv cov kev sib tw no los ntawm kev sib txuas lus sib luag uas tau kho cov nqi mus rau cov neeg siv hluav taws xob.
Cov ntaub ntawv tus nqi ntsuas pa los ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov
Kev lag luam kev lag luam tau los ntawm 1000g thiab tam sim no 800g transceivers ua rau muaj kev sib tw hloov pauv cov ntaub ntawv siab dua uas tsis muaj feem ntau zuj zus mus rau ib txoj kab kev nrawm. Ib qsfp 28 100 g transceiver siv plaub qhov kev sib tw thiab ua kom muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab ua kom muaj kev ntseeg siab dua thiab ua kom hloov dua siab tshiab tshaj li kev tuav ib qho tshiab.
Qhov no ua rau kev sib tw zoo li thoob plaws transceiver. Txhua txoj kab kho qhov muag nws muaj nws tus kheej laser, photodetector, thiab kev tsav tsheb ncig. Hauv qhov hluav taws xob, cais siab siab- Ceev cov khub sib txawv nqa cov channel cov ntaub ntawv. Tus qsfp - ds (ob ceev) Daim ntawv sau ntxiv no rau yim lub lag luam hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv qhov no nrog 50 GBPS PAM4 toj.
Cov kev lag luam muaj cov nyom thiab tus nqi. Ib qho 800g OSFP Transceiver nrog yim 100 GBPS txoj kab yuav tsum muaj yim laser {} photodetector,, yim txoj kev tswj hwm laser, thiab ntau dua cov kev tswj hwm thermal dua. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev no tseem muaj kev sim siab dua li sim ib qho {{5} yuav tsum muaj kev hloov pauv ntau dua, uas yuav tau txiav tawm txawv, {} ntug semiconductor cov txheej txheem.
Cov ntaub ntawv ua lag luam qhia meej cov kev nyiam. Raws li kev ntsuas kev lag luam ntau, qhov 10 -}}}}}}} {{8 gbps khwv tau ntau zuj zus. Qhov ntau dua-100-Gbps ntu, thaum me me hauv cov ntim ntim, Commands Hwm Incing thiab Drives Innendation. Cov neeg tsim khoom lag luam zoo li Cisco, broadcom, thiab Litaryum tsom R & D Kev nqis peev ntawm cov kev hloov pauv siab tshiab ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov tshiab.
Bidirectional hloov dua siab tshiab thiab duplex kev ua haujlwm
Tag nrho - transleed transceites ua ib txhij hloov pauv thiab rov qab los rau kev hloov pauv thiab tau txais tib lub sijhawm. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ceev faj zaus los yog wavelength sib cais los tiv thaiv cov cim txuas los ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog kev txais tos. Kev siv cov no dual - kev taw qhia transceiver kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau sophisticated lim thiab kev sib cais. Hauv kev hloov kho kho kho qhov muag, Bidirectional) Modules siv Wavelengths sib txawv rau txhua qhov sib txawv, pub ob lub cim qhia kom qhia ib qho fiber ntau.
Lub wavelength -}}}} {{1} {1} {1} {1} {Divised Creatzers (WDMS) ua ke rau hauv Transceiver. Cov passis no kho qhov muag cais cais cov khoom xa tuaj thiab txuas nrog kev tswj hwm qis dua. Bidi Transceivers Txiav Fiber ntau cov nqi hauv cov xwm txheej uas txhua tus fiber ntau txoj sia muaj ntau ntau zaus ntawm cov neeg xa khoom.
RF transceivers ua tiav cov haujlwm duplex los ntawm zaus faib (FORD) lossis sijhawm sib faib (TDD). FDD lub tshuab xa mus thiab tau txais cov kev sib txawv zaus ib txhij, siv diplexers cais cov kab. TDD Sicip hloov kho sai sai
Qhov kev sib tw hloov dua siab tshiab hauv chav tsev nruab nrab ntawm kev rho tawm. Kev xa tawm cov cim feem ntau yog ntau lab ntawm lub sij hawm muaj zog dua li tau txais cov cim. Txhua qhov toast ntawm cov kev xa mus rau hauv txoj kev tau txais txoj hauv kev dhau los ua cov cim tsis muaj zog tuaj. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm TX thiab RX sib cais, thiab hauv cov paib txheej txheem, thiab hauv cov cim kev sib tw uas tsim tawm cov cim taw qhia kom tsis txhob xa cov termage.
Kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov dua
Cov paib hloov dua siab tshiab ua tsis tiav raws li kev ntxhov siab ib puag ncig. Qhov kub yog sawv cev rau thawj qhov uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm hloov chaw. Kev siv kho qhov muag tsis zoo rau kev ua haujlwm ua lag luam (0 Qib rau 70 degree) yuav xav tau kev sib cav sib haum kev hloov kho kom haum rau kev hloov kho tsis zoo ib yam. Industrial - Qib qeb (-40 Qib rau 85 Degree) Siv Kev Them Nyiaj Thermal Thermal Tab sis tus nqi ntau dua.
Cov av noo cuam tshuam los ntawm kev pheej hmoo pheej hmoo ntawm kev pheej hmoo pheej hmoo ntawm qhov chaw kho qhov muag thiab cov neeg sib tw hluav taws xob. Thaum lub tsev transceival muab kev tiv thaiv, txuas kawg- ntsej muag tseem muaj kev yooj yim. Kev ya raws ua ke nrog cov khoom tsis huv uas ua cov yeeb yaj kiab uas ua rau kho qhov muag rov ua haujlwm thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj xeb. Cov teeb tsa hmoov av thiab tshuaj xyuas nrog cov teeb meem microscopes tiv thaiv cov teeb meem no rov qab mus rau kev saib xyuas txuas ntxiv.
Kev co thiab poob siab kev cuam tshuam hloov dua siab tshaj feem ntau los ntawm kev sib dhos lub cev. Qhov meej coupling ntawm laser thiab fiber ntau, lossis photodetector thiab fiber ntau, koom nrog micrometer - teev thev taus. Txhua yam kev ntxhov siab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hloov cov kev ua kom haum, ua rau txuas nrog kev poob thiab nce cov teeb liab degradation. Ruggedized transceivers rau kev lag luam thiab cov tub rog cov ntawv thov sib xyaw ua ke tsim kho cov qauv zoo, thiab ntxhov siab}}}}}} kom muaj kev sib hloov zuj zus nyob rau hauv kev co.
Electromagnetic cuam tshuam (EMI) ua rau muaj kev sib tw siab tshwj xeeb rau kev hloov pauv lub sijhawm uas hloov pauv hloov mus rau hauv picosecond ranges. Daws tsis txaus tiv thaiv sab nraud RF zog rau ob niam txiv rau hauv cov teeb liab txoj kev, ntxiv suab rau cov txheej txheem hloov dua siab tshiab. Tag nrho {- hlau coages ntawm kev tiv thaiv niaj hnub muab daim thaiv thaiv, tab sis qhov kev tiv thaiv no yog nyob ntawm kev tsim nyog hauv paus thiab mating nrog tus tswv tsev lub thwj tim.
Txhim Kho Kev Yooj Yim thiab Kev Siv Fais Fab
Lub zog uas yuav tsum muaj rau cov teeb liab hloov dua siab cuam tshuam cuam tshuam cov ntaub ntawv chaw haujlwm thiab cov khoom siv roj teeb lub neej. Kev ua haujlwm fais fab sib txawv cuam tshuam ntau ntau hla kev sib txawv transceiver. Kev hloov kho kho qhov muag tau zoo dua qub-}}}}}}}} watts lossis tsawg dua txawm tias muaj kev soj ntsuam thiab kuaj mob.
Kev ua haujlwm fais fab kev ua haujlwm ntau yam ntau ntau dua cov hom kev hloov pauv. VCSELS ua tiav kwv yees li 30 - 40%} Tus neeg tsav tsheb ci, amplififas, thiab digital ua noj kom haus hluav taws xob ntxiv. Ib qho 400g QSFP-DD module yuav tau kos 12-14 watts tag nrho, nrog kwv yees li 40% mus rau kev tswj cov laser, 30% kom tau txais kev tswj hwm thiab 30% mus rau digital tswj thiab saib xyuas.
Coherent transceivers haus cov neeg muaj zog ntau vim yog lawv cov chips khov kho uas ua tiag {{lub sijhawm sib luag thiab nyiaj. Ib qho 400g Coherent CFP2 {{{} dco module tuaj yeem kos 20-25 Watts. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev nqis peev no ua rau muaj kev sib kis ntau tshaj li 80 mais kev siv tau zoo dua li kev hloov kho ntev dua li kev hloov kho kom yooj yim ntau zaus raws txoj kev tsheb.
Lub RF Transceiver pob nyiaj siv tau txawv txawv raws li ntau yam tseev kom muaj. Lub Bluetooth Transetooth Transmits ntawm Milliwatt qib, siv kaum ntawm milliwatts tag nrho. Lub chaw nres tsheb cellular yuav kis tau ntawm 40 watts rau ib txoj haujlwm, nrog lub zog hluav taws xob txhawb nqa cov nyiaj siv hluav taws xob. Kev sib txuam ua hluav taws xob hauv lub zog amplifier {{4 4}} Qhov piv ntawm RF tso tawm rau DC qhov chaw nres tsheb nres cov nqi. Niaj hnub nimno gallium nitride (GAN) Lub zog hluav taws xob mus txog 50-65% txuag, muaj kev txuag tau zoo dua li cov laus LDMOs Technology.
Kev daws teeb meem hloov dua siab hloov chaw
Thaum transceivers tsis hloov cov cim taw qhia, kev kuaj mob ua raws txoj kev taug kev. Nkag siab txog kev ua haujlwm zoo li qub pab txheeb xyuas thaum ua tau zoo deviates los ntawm cov specifications. Txuas ua hauj lwm tsis ua hauj lwm- Tsis muaj kev sib txuas - feem ntau qhia tiav kev hloov pauv tsis tau ua tiav. Cov teeb meem tshwm sim muaj suav nrog cov khoom siv kho tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv tsis zoo
Cov kev ua tau zoo ua rau muaj cov nqi siab lossis txo qis zuj zus txawm tias muaj qhov txuas txuas. Lub Transceiver's Digital Dag Saib Xyuas (DDM) muab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov kub thiab txias, muab voltage, kis qhov hluav taws xob kho qhov muag, thiab laser kho qhov muag tam sim no kom cov txheej txheem hloov dua siab tsis dhau cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb. Tau txais lub zog hauv qab no qhov kev nkag siab qhov pib qhia cov teeb meem fiber ntau lossis teeb meem transmitter. Laser Bias tam sim no ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws qhia tau tias lub laser nce mus thaum kawg {}} lub neej lossis kev khiav haujlwm nyob sab nraud nws cov qib siab.
Sib tw sib txawv ua pov thawj pom tias feem ntau nyuaj los kuaj. Lawv feem ntau taug txoj kev sib cav sib ceg - lub suab sib sib sib sib sib sib sib sib sib sib sib sib sib sib sib sib sib sib sib sib sib sib sib sib sib sib sablaj shoupling, lossis thermal cycling ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab. Cov teeb meem no yuav tsum saib xyuas lub sijhawm, kev nyeem DDM thaum cov txheej xwm tsis ua haujlwm, thiab feem ntau siv cov duab kos duab lossis cov cim duab kuaj kom zoo.
Cov teeb meem kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab cov cuab yeej ua kom muaj kev xav tsis thoob ntawm kev tshaj tawm "tsis ua tiav." Network hloov pauv los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom loj suav nrog cov npe muaj peev xwm sib xws Siv tsis - teev transceivers {}} Txawm yog tias tshuab hluav taws xob tau ua rau pom tias nws tsis paub txog cov qauv lossis txo nws cov haujlwm. Thib peb -}}}} kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov coding uas cov kev ua yeeb yam OEM ntau, txawm hais tias qhov kev xyaum no muaj nyob hauv thaj chaw kev cai lij choj thiab kev coj ua.
Cov Lus Qhia Yav Tom Ntej Hauv Kev Siv Tshuab
Silicon photonics sawv cev rau qhov tseem ceeb tshaj tawm thev naus laus zis hauv kev hloov kho kev hloov kho. Los ntawm cov ntaub sib txuas photonic siv cov txheej txheem CMOS semiconductor, silicon photonics cog lus kom tsis txhob muaj nqi transceiver thaum ua kom muaj kev koom ua ke ntau dua. Kev hloov pauv kev txhawb zog los ntawm kev tswj thermal zoo dua thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab photonic. Ob peb cov tuam ntxhab Tam Sim No Muab cov Silicon photonics Transceivers hauv ntim ntau lawm, nrog 400g thiab 800g modules ua kev me nyuam kheej.
Cov kev tshawb pom sib haum tau cov qauv ua haujlwm ntev dua thiab siab dua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dua. Tsis zoo li yooj yim ntawm - tawm ntawm cov yuam sij uas pom tsuas yog siv tsuas yog siv cov ntaub ntawv thiab theem cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov muag. Qhov no ob npaug lossis plaubcuples cov ntaub ntawv nqa ib lub cim, ua kom muaj 400G kis tau tus nqi sib txawv tsis muaj kev sib tw. Qhov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tau nce ntxiv -}}}}}}}}}}} Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov nqi ntxiv rau ntau daim ntawv thov.
Co -} Packaged Optics tsiv pauv hloov dua siab rau cov processor. Es tsis hloov pauv transcegable, CPO sib txuas lus hloov dua tshiab rau tib lub pob ua hloov silicon. Qhov no tshem tawm cov hluav taws xob kev poob haujlwm thiab kev siv hluav taws xob cuam tshuam nrog cov cim tsav tsheb hla cov kab mob pcb los rau kev hloov tsheb. Ntau tus neeg muag khoom hloov kho thiab kho qhov muag tau tsim tawm CPPO cov kev daws teeb meem, nrog thawj zaug kev cia siab yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv hyperscale cov chaw nruab nrab ntawm 2026.
Cov kev tshawb fawb hauv zej zog tshawb nrhiav ntau dua kev hloov pauv hloov dua siab tshiab. Tag nrho - optical teeb liab kev ua tau tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov kev hloov pauv hloov tshiab rau qee yam haujlwm zoo li kev hloov dua siab tshiab lossis hloov dua siab tshiab. Quantx transceivers rau quantum network yuav tsum muaj cov txheej txheem hloov dua siab tshiab sib txawv, khaws cia ntau qhov chaw hais ntau dua li cov khoom siv classical. Thaum cov no tseem nyob rau hauv lub chaw soj ntsuam, lawv qhia tias cov cim hloov dua siab tshiab tau zuj zus mus ntsib kev nthuav qhia kev sib txuas lus.
Xaiv transceivers rau kev hloov pauv
Sib phim Cashyiver ua haujlwm los thov daim ntawv thov xav tau koom nrog ntau tus yuam sij. Qhov kev yuav tsum muaj cov wavelength xaiv {2nm multimode rau dategenter hauv 36}} hom rau kev ncua ntev dua. Tshaj li 10 km, cov nyiaj them ua haujlwm chromatic Dispersion ua tiav, feem ntau los ntawm chirped-tswj hwm kom them nyiaj lossis kev rho tawm sab nraud.
Cov ntaub ntawv tus nqi yuav xav tau txiav txim siab daim qauv thiab txoj kab kev suav. Lub sijhawm 25g yuav siv SFP28, thaum 100g feem ntau txhais tau tias QSFP28. Cov kev sib tw siab dua yuav tsum tau sau cov ntawv tshiab xws li QSFP - hnub lossis osfp, txawm tias cov cuab yeej yuav tsum tau txhawb nqa cov qauv loj no. Qee cov ntawv thov tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm breakout cables uas faib ib tug 100 g sib txuas lossis 400g txuas rau hauv ntau qhov kev hloov pauv hla ntau qhov kawg
Kev nyiaj txiag fais fab kom ua kom cov txheej txheem hloov dua siab tshiab muab cov teeb liab txaus ntawm tus tau txais. Qhov no suav nrog kev ua kom muaj fiber ntau attenuation, txuas ntxiv los ntawm cov spritters lossis WDM lim dej, tom qab ntawd lees tias cov txiaj ntsig poob rau hauv TransceiVification. Cov paj tau tsis txaus coj rau qhov txuas tsis txaus ntseeg lossis ua tiav kev sib txuas tsis ua haujlwm.
Kev yuav tsum tau ib puag ncig tej zaum yuav ua rau muaj kev lag luam - qib lossis ruggedized transceivers nrog kev siv tshuab hluav taws xob thiab tshuab hluav taws xob. Cov nqi no 2 - 4 × Ntau dua li kev ua lag luam tsis txaus hauv cov chaw sib tw. Tus nqi Pressures Tsav qee cov khoom xa mus rau thib peb {-}}}} pa taws hloov transcegivers ntau dua li OEM modules. Qhov chaw zoo sib txawv ntau sib txawv ntawm peb- Cov kws tsim khoom noj piv rau OEMS, thaum cov neeg tsis muaj nuj nqis sib piv rau kev noj tshuaj fij tej zaum yuav raug kev ntseeg tau.
Cov Lus Nquag Nug
Dab tsi ntawm cov cim taw qhia hloov pauv?
Transceivers los muaj hloov ntawm cov cim hluav taws xob thiab cov cim ntsuas muaj kho dua tshiab (hauv cov xov tooj cua fiber ntau) lossis xov tooj cua ntsuas ntsuas (hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob). Qee transceivers tseem hloov ntawm ntau zaus nyob rau hauv RF cov kev hloov pauv hauv RTICAL NETWORKS siv Wavelength Kev Hloov Pauv Technology.
Vim li cas tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov cim taw qhia tau?
Cov teeb liab hloov dua siab tshiab yuav tsum siv lub cev cov txheej txheem uas siv sijhawm. Kho kho qhov muag tau xav tau sijhawm rau laser tig -} ntawm, photodetection teb, thiab kev ua phiajcim thiab teeb liab. RF transceivers yuav tsum muaj sijhawm rau zaus sib xyaw ua ke, lim, thiab qhov ua kom sov. Niaj hnub nimno siab {{4 4}} Ceev transceivers ntxiv cov teeb liab kev ua rau kev sib luag ntawm 0.5 mus rau 10 microseconds nyob ntawm cov nyom.
Qhov kub nyhav li cas cuam tshuam rau cov paib hloov dua siab tshiab zoo?
Qhov kub cuam tshuam txhua qhov ntawm teeb liab hloov dua siab tshiab. Laser Wavelength poob kwv yees li 0.1nm ib qib Celsius, thiab cov cim hluav taws xob nce ntxiv txo qis kev cuam tshuam sijhawm sijhawm. Kev hloov pauv zoo suav nrog Thermal saib xyuas thiab them hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob kom muaj kev hloov pauv ruaj khov hla lawv qhov ntsuas kub kub.
Puas muaj ntau hom kev hloov pauv sib txuas lus sib txuas lus nrog txhua lwm?
Transceiversivers yuav tsum phim rau hauv wavelength, cov ntaub ntawv tus nqi, thiab hom fiber ntau los txuas lus kom tiav. Ib tug 1310nm ib qho - hom kev hloov pauv tsis sib txuas nrog 850nm multimer nrog tus lej 850nm ntawm tib cov ntaub ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov tsev neeg transceiver siv cov qauv kev sib txuam ntawm cov neeg muag khoom sib txuam los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom sib txawv yuav ua haujlwm sib luag thaum muaj kev sib tw ua ke.
Network infrastructure txuas ntxiv hloov zuj zus mus rau kev ceev dua thiab ntev dua, tso cov kev thov hloov pauv ntawm kev hloov pauv lub peev xwm hloov kho. Qhov kev nce qib los ntawm qhov yooj yim ntawm- kev hloov pauv ntawm kev sib tw sib txawv, thiab los ntawm kev ua kom haum rau cov kev lag luam kom sib haum xeeb rau kev lag luam tsis zoo rau kev ua tau zoo dua. Nkag siab txog cov kev ua haujlwm hloov tau ntawm CARCEITIONS thiab kev hloov dua siab tshiab tau pab txiav txim siab txog kev txiav txim siab hauv cov teeb meem kev nqis peev thiab cov teeb meem daws teeb meem thaum lawv tshwm sim. Cov tiam tom ntej ntawm silicon photonics thiab coherent thev naus laus zis cog lus txawm tias muaj kev txaus ntshai ntxiv hauv kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab muaj peev xwm.