Daim ntawv me me transceivers yog tsim los rau kev ua haujlwm zoo

 

Lub calibration theem tsis muaj leej twg hais txog

 

Kev tsim ib qho SFP transceiver uas ua haujlwm tiag tiag yuav tsum tau txais qhov kev ntsuas zoo thawj zaug. Tsis muaj lub caij nyoog thib ob ntawm no- yog tias lub transmitter thiab receiver tuning mus rau sab thaum pib lub hwj chim- qhib, chav tsev tau muab pov tseg.

Cov cuab yeej nyob rau hauv kev sim zaum txuas nrog lub rooj tsav xwm tshwj xeeb thaum cov kws tshaj lij- lossis nce ntxiv, cov tshuab siv hluav taws xob- khiav los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov hluav taws xob, qhov muag- kev tshuaj xyuas daim duab, thiab kev nyeem lub zog ntawm qhov muag. Daim duab qhov muag ntawd? Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas pom cov ntiv tes qhia seb lub transceiver tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm ib qho thiab xoom ntawm qhov ceev. Manufacturers obsess tshaj ib yam dab tsi hu ua "mask margin," uas yog engineer-hais rau ntau npaum li cas chav ua pa muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov teeb liab tiag tiag thiab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tau teeb liab. Ntau cov npoo txhais tau tias tsawg dua rov qab.

Dab tsi yog qhov nthuav yog tias TOSA thiab ROSA Cheebtsam - lub transmitter thiab receiver optical sub-semblies- tau sim ua ntej lawv txawm nruab. Cov neeg xa khoom xa cov khoom no ua ntej- tsim nyog. Ib qho teeb meem laser diode pom tom qab kev sib dhos tag nrho ua rau txhua tus neeg lub sijhawm.

 

Cov peev nyiaj siv hluav taws xob tau txais qhov tsis txaus ntseeg

 

Txheem SFP modules rub qhov chaw ntawm 0.8 thiab 1.5 watts. Uas suab tsis tseem ceeb kom txog rau thaum koj cramming plaub caug - yim ntawm lawv mus rau hauv ib lub chassis hloov. Dheev koj tab tom saib ntawm 72 watts tsuas yog los ntawm transceivers- ua ntej suav qhov hloov pauv ntawm tus kheej ua cov nyiaj siv ua haujlwm, cov kiv cua txias, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo.

10G variants khiav kub dua. SFP + modules feem ntau haus 1 txog 2 watts txhua, thiab 10GBASE-T tooj liab modules siv los ua lub zog hogs, qee zaum tsoo 5 mus rau 8 watts ib qhov chaw nres nkoj. Kev nce qib nti tsis ntev los no tau rub qhov ntawd mus rau 1-3 watts rau qhov kev siv tau zoo dua, tab sis cov dab neeg thermal tsis tau hloov pauv: kev xa tawm ntom ntom tseem xav tau kev ua kom txias lossis ua tib zoo tsim qhov cua.

Nov yog qee yam tuam txhab lag luam tsis tshaj tawm: lub laser nws tus kheej suav txog kwv yees li 60% ntawm lub zog siv hluav taws xob. Qee tus neeg muag khoom tau sim muab lub laser pw tsaug zog thaum lub sijhawm tsis ua haujlwm, tom qab ntawd waking nws hauv qab 100 milliseconds thaum tsheb rov pib dua. Ntse, tab sis nws ntxiv qhov nyuaj rau firmware thiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qee cov cuab yeej saib xyuas network.

 

Sab hauv lub plhaub hlau

Lub transimpedance amplifier (TIA) tsim nyog hais vim nws ua hnyav nqa uas tsis tshua tau lees paub. Cov photons uas tuaj yeem tsim cov hluav taws xob me me hauv photodiode-TIA hloov cov no mus rau qib voltage usable. Yog tsis muaj nws, lub teeb liab hluav taws xob yuav tsis muaj zog heev rau kev ua haujlwm qis.

Bidirectional modules -BiDi SFPs- ntxiv WDM lim rau multiplex kis tau tus mob thiab tau txais wavelengths mus rau ib qho fiber ntau strand. Engineering ntawm no yog trickier tshaj nws suab. Koj tab tom nug ib qho kev sib cais kom zoo kawg nkaus cais 1310nm thiab 1550nm yam tsis muaj crosstalk thaum haum txhua yam rau hauv tib daim ntawv.

 

Kev sim uas yuav dhuav koj (tab sis tseem ceeb)

 

Cov kev ntsuam xyuas kev laus khiav cov transceivers ntawm qhov kub siab rau lub sijhawm ntev mus rau qhov tsis xws luag ntawm cov me nyuam mos tuag. Txoj kev xav yog ncaj nraim: cov pob qij txha tsis muaj zog, cov khoom siv marginal, thiab ciam teb laser diodes yuav poob rau hauv kev ntxhov siab ua ntej mus txog cov neeg siv khoom. High-cov tuam txhab ua tau zoo yuav raug txhua chav rau qhov no. Tsawg -tier producers... zoo, lawv ua li cas tus nqi taw tes tso cai.

Qhov kev sim hloov mus los tom ntej no - ntsaws transceivers rau hauv cov khoom siv network tiag tiag thiab txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb - lub ntiaj teb ua haujlwm. Optical fais fab qib tau kuaj xyuas, txuas kev tsim kho tau lees paub, thiab txhua qhov kev sib raug zoo nrog cov kev hloov pauv tshwj xeeb tau sau tseg. Los yog tsis tau sau tseg, nyob ntawm qhov chaw tsim khoom cov kab lis kev cai zoo.

Qhov tseeb wavelength tseem ceeb tshaj qhov koj xav. Lub 1310nm transceiver uas nws lub laser tiag tiag peaks ntawm 1340nm yuav ua haujlwm zoo hauv kev sib cais tab sis yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem hauv CWDM multiplexed systems qhov twg wavelength channels nruj nreem. Spectrum analyzers ntes cov devians no.

 

 

Qhov teeb meem thermal uas tsis ploj mus

 

Stacked tawbs-cov 1x4 lossis 2x6 kev npaj ntawm SFP cov chaw nres nkoj- tsim kev npau suav phem kev tswj xyuas thermal. Airflow ncav cuag cov chaw nres nkoj sab nraud yooj yim txaus. Inner ports ua noj.

Qee qhov kev tsim lub tawb tam sim no suav nrog sab- phab ntsa perforations thiab qhov cua qhov nyob hauv cov hlau nplaum. Cov kev hloov kho me me no tuaj yeem txo qis hauv qhov kub ntawm 15-20 degrees Celsius. Qhov sib txawv ntawm lub transceiver khiav ntawm 68℃thiab ib qho kev ntaus 85℃yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov rooj sib tham tshwj xeeb thiab tshaj qhov kev ntsuas siab tshaj plaws.

EMI yog lwm ib nrab ntawm qhov kev sib tw no. Siab -frequency signals-10 GHz thiab saum toj no-kawg los ntawm cov khoom thaiv tsis raug thiab tuaj yeem degrade lossis cuam tshuam tag nrho cov chaw nres nkoj nyob ib sab. Gasket tuav daim hlau thiab lwm yam thaiv cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv latch sib dhos hais txog qhov no, txawm hais tias lawv ntxiv cov nqi uas qhia txog qhov chaw.

 

Vim li cas MSA kev ua raws cai tsis yog xaiv tau

 

Lub Multi-Source Agreement moj khaum muaj tshwm sim vim tias cov thawj coj hauv network yuav tsum tuaj yeem hloov pauv Finisar transceiver rau Cisco-branded ib yam tsis tau teeb tsa ib yam dab tsi. Hauv kev xyaum, tus neeg muag khoom- kaw lub firmware qee zaum cuam tshuam, tab sis lub cev thiab hluav taws xob specifications tseem yog tus qauv thoob plaws cov tuam txhab.

Qhov kev tsim qauv no tau ua rau muaj kev loj hlob tawg nyob rau hauv thib peb - tog transceiver kev lag luam. Txawm hais tias qhov ntawd zoo (tus nqi sib tw) lossis teeb meem (kev hloov pauv zoo) nyob ntawm seb koj nug leej twg thiab lawv muag dab tsi.

 

Equation ntawm efficiency

 

Kev tsim SFP niaj hnub no qhia txog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev txwv: qhov chaw nres nkoj ceev xav tau los ntawm cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv hyperscale, cov peev nyiaj siv hluav taws xob los ntawm cov phiaj xwm kev ruaj ntseg, cov hnab ntawv thermal uas tau hais los ntawm cov txheej txheem cua txias uas twb muaj lawm, thiab cov nqi siab uas tsis tau tso tseg.

64b/66b encoding siv nyob rau hauv 10G thiab cov qauv nrawm dua piv rau ib hom kev ua tau zoo nce ntxiv -ntau dua payload ib baud piv rau cov laus 8b/10b scheme. PAM4 kev hloov pauv hauv 100G SFP-DD modules sawv cev rau lwm tus, cramming ob lub cim rau ib lub cim kom muab ob npaug rau kev xa tawm yam tsis muaj ob npaug ntawm kab.

Tab sis tej zaum qhov kev txhim kho tsis zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov tsuas yog kev ntseeg tau los ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom loj. Lub transceiver uas ua tsis tau tom qab peb xyoos raug nqi ntau dua -thaum lub sij hawm daws teeb meem, hloov kev thauj mus los, thiab lub sijhawm poob hauv lub network- dua li ib qho uas raug nqi 20% ua ntej tab sis khiav mus rau kaum xyoo.

Cov chaw tsim khoom tsim cov qauv no tau rov ua dua los ntawm ntau txhiab tus txheej txheem kho dua tshiab. Lens tu cov txheej txheem uas tiv thaiv micro-kev kis kab mob los ntawm degrading laser coupling. Solder reflow profiles optimized rau thermal stress txo. Automated kho qhov muag sib dhos uas ua tiav micron - qib precision. Tsis muaj qhov no yog glamorous. Tag nrho nws pab txhawb rau cov transceivers uas ua haujlwm zoo thaum koj ntsaws rau hauv thiab ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv thaum koj tsis nco qab lawv muaj.

Uas, thaum kawg, yog raws nraim li cas efficiency txhais tau tias nyob rau hauv no cov ntsiab lus: invisible kev ntseeg ntawm scale.