Kho qhov muag module ua haujlwm muab cov teeb liab ua

 

 

Kev hloov pauv hloov ntawm cov theem hluav taws xob {{} {1} {{1} {{1} {{1} {{1} {{1} { Cov tub ntxhais kho kho qhov muag hloov pauv hloov hluav taws xob cov phiajcim rau hauv cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj uas muaj kev mus ncig ntawm Fasure Recections Recover

 

 

Peb {- txheej teeb tsa ua cov neeg kos duab

 

Thawj qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm thawj lub zog ua haujlwm los ntawm peb qhov sib txawv, txhua qhov chaw nyob tshwj xeeb kis cov kev sib tw. Lub cev txheej txheem ua haujlwm cov tub ntxhais hloov pauv ntawm cov hluav taws xob thiab kho kho kho kho kho. Lub teeb liab txheej txheem txheej txheem tswj cov cim kev ncaj ncees los ntawm kev ua kom zoo thiab ib txwm muaj. Cov txheej txheem digital tswj cov kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm, qhov kev ua yuam kev kho, thiab kev kawm qib siab tau kawm tiav cov ntaub ntawv siab.

Lub cev txheej txheem: Electro - hloov pauv hloov tshiab

Ntawm qhov kis tau qhov kawg, lub laser DIode tsav tsheb thauj neeg (LDD) hloov digital pittedals ua kom meej cov teeb tsa tam sim no uas hloov kho lasers. Qhov kev hloov siab hloov no yuav tsum muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog - txoj kev sib txawv ntawm tsuas yog 0.1 milliamps tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov tshuaj tua kho kho. Niaj hnub nimno LDD kev sib tw ua ntej ua ntej tshaj tawm uas them rau cov cim laser, siv tau zoo rau cov tsav tsheb yooj yim.

Qhov tau txais kawg kev ua haujlwm photodetectors uas tsim cov txheej txheem tam sim no los rau cov khoom siv kho qhov muag. Ib qho 1550nm wavelength teeb liab nqa 100 GBPS feem ntau ua cov ntawv luam tawm hauv cov microampurrent nyob rau hauv cov microamp ntau yam ua ntej cov kev ua tiav tau tshwm sim tuaj yeem tshwm sim.

Kev mob teeb liab txheej: Amplification thiab ib txwm muaj

Lub transimpedance amplifier (Tia) ua thawj zaug ua ntej - theem hloov pauv ntawm photocrenter rau hauv voltage cov cim. Tia tus qauv sawv cev rau ib qho ntawm cov kev nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm kev kho qhov muag uas tsim kho qhov muag. The amplifier must provide sufficient gain-typically 60-70 dB-while maintaining bandwidth exceeding the signal rate. 100 GBPS teeb liab xav tau Tia bandwidth ntawm tsawg kawg 70 GHz los khaws cov teeb liab ncaj ncees.

Ua raws li TIA amplification, qhov txwv tsis pub tshaj plaws (LA) li qub teeb meem nthuav tawm los ntawm kev hloov lub zog hluav taws xob. Yog tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo no, tau txais cov teeb liab lub zog hloov pauv ntawm 10 db lossis ntau dua yuav dhau los ua kev sib tw ntws. Cov kab sib txawv no ua rau lub voltage zoo ib yam, feem ntau 400}}}}

 

Digital Ua Txheej: Sijhawm thiab Kev Tswj yuam kev

 

Moos thiab cov ntaub ntawv rov qab (cdr) circuits rho tawm cov ntaub ntawv ntws los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xa tawm thiab tsim cov cim digital synchronized rau cov moos rov qab. Qhov kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb no kho lub sijhawm ua haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm Fiber ntau thaum muaj 30}}}}- haul txuas. CDR ua haujlwm theem-xauv loops kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov chaw txuam nrog cov ntaub ntawv tus nqi, nrog Voj banded kev ua tib zoo tu los taug kev txawv txav thaum lub suab nrov.

Rau kev ua haujlwm kho qhov muag ua haujlwm ntawm 400g thiab dhau, kev teeb liab teeb liab ua (DSP) cov chips tau ua indispensable. Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb no ua rau cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm yooj yim uas them rau cov linear thiab nonlinear distortions sib sau ua ke thaum lub sij hawm fiber ntau. Tus raug 400g dsp nti ua rau ntau tshaj 10 trillion cov kev ua haujlwm ib ob, thov cov khoom lim sib npaug nrog ntau pua qhov ua rau cov cim tsis raug dhau ntawm ob peb km.

 

Advanced Hloov thiab Txheej Txheem Ua

 

Qhov kev hloov pauv mus rau Terit Fools tau tsim tawm cov qauv kev ua si uas encode ntau cov khoom hauv lub cim sib kis. MEMEA BORISTION TSHUAB NROG 4 Qib (PAM4) DOBLES SPECTAL EFFICICY LOS NTAWM ENGODING ob lub cim ib lub cim. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo no qhia txog kev sib tw hauv kev sib tw hauv paus: lub teeb liab {}} Qhov kev sib txuas lus tsis zoo no ntawm kev nrawm dua, qhov twg 224 Gbps Pam4 kis tau tus kab mob ob lub cev rau lawv lub cev txwv.

Digital Coherent optics (DCO) sawv cev rau cov qauv siab tshaj plaws ntawm teeb liab kev ua tiav hauv kev kho qhov muag tshiab. DCO lub tshuab ncaj qha ua ke DSP chips muaj peev xwm ua ob qho kev ua kom dav thiab theem cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kho qhov muag. Qhov kev txhim kho kho qhov muag ua haujlwm txawv ua haujlwm txawv ntawm kev siv {{\\} modulated tshuab uas tsuas yog kuaj lub zog hloov pauv. Coherent tau txais kev sib xyaw cov cim tuaj nrog cov oscillator hauv zos laser, enabling kom pom kev sib raug zoo. Qhov kev sib txuam no tau txais cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nce mus ze rau theoretical Shannon txwv.

Cov broadCom DSP nti siv nyob rau hauv 800G SR8 cov qauv ua piv txwv txog cov thev naus laus zis no. Ua rau 7nm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis, cov cim sib xyaw ua ke rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm 100 gigasamples sib luag Qhov kev ua haujlwm no ua rau 800 Gbps kis tau ib qho dhau {}} hom fiber nrog me ntsis yuam kev hauv qab 10 ^ -15.

 

 

Cov teeb meem teeb meem thiab them nyiaj ntsuab

 

Optic fiber ntau kis nthuav qhia ntau lub teeb liab uas ua kev sib tw uas yuav tsum cuam tshuam. Ib tug tseem ceeb kho qhov chaw ua haujlwm cuam tshuam rau cov kev faib tawm chromatic dispersion, uas ua rau wavelengths txawv, kis cim cov cim nyob rau lub sijhawm. Ntawm 100 gbps, uncompensated chromatic dispersion ntawm 17 picanometer ib pab lub cim kev cuam tshuam tom qab tsuas yog 3 mais. Dsp Algorithms siv cov ntxig lim cov khoom lag luam digital no, ua kom txhim kho qhov sib faib no tshaj li 80 mais kev tsis muaj nqi.

Polarization hom dispersion nthuav qhia qhov kev sib tw ntau dua. Fiber ntau birnringence Ua rau cov teeb liab uas ua rau cov teeb liab sib txawv hauv cov qib sib txawv ntawm cov nroog sib txawv los txog rau lwm lub sijhawm. Tsis zoo li cov kev sib cais chromatic kev txiav txim siab, polarization cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv kub thiab kev ntxhov siab rau cov fiber. Kev yoog tau sib txawv khiav cov kev hloov pauv no hauv tiag- lub sijhawm, kho dua tshiab coefficients txhua microsecond lim teeb liab zoo.

Nonline sib cuam tshuam hauv fiber ntau ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv lub zog loj thiab ntev. Self-phase modulation, cross-phase modulation, and four-wave mixing distort transmitted waveforms in ways that depend on signal patterns. Kev siv DSP kev siv Digital Backprropagation Matorithms uas ua qauv qhia qauv thiab rov qab cov teebmeem no. Thaum lub sij hawm computationally intensive {{}}} Xav tau muaj li 40% ntawm muaj cov peev xwm ua ntej 30-50% piv rau linear nyiaj ib leeg.

 

Lub zog ua haujlwm thiab kev tswj hwm thermal

 

Cov teeb liab ua hluav taws xob tau dhau los ua kev tsim qauv tseem ceeb raws li cov ntaub ntawv nce ntxiv. Nkag siab txog kev tswj hwm lub zog yog qhov tseem ceeb nrog DSP feem ntau noj 12 {}} 15 watts, nrog DSP Chip Accounting rau 5-6 Watts ntawm tag nrho no. Ntawm 800G, Kev Noj Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob nce siab txog 18-22 Watts, tsim kev cov ntawv thov thermal tseem ceeb nyob rau qhov twg ua cov modules populate ib txoj kev hloov vaj huam sib luag.

Kev lag luam tau teb nrog ntau txoj hauv kev rau kev ua kom zoo. Linear Tsav Optics (LPO) Tshem Tawm DSP thiab CDR nkaus thiab CDR nkaus thiab ua haujlwm rau lub zog rau 6,2}} Txawm li cas los xij, qhov chaw no cov chaw teeb liab kev ua lub nra ntawm cov tswv yim hloov hluav taws xob cov hluav taws xob nrog cov khoom siv sib luag nrog cov peev txheej sib luag.

Kev Txheej txheem thev naus laus zis muaj lwm txoj hauv kev rau kev txo qis. Kev hloov mus los ntawm 16nm txog 7nm fabrication tau txo DSP fais fab noj txij li kwv yees li 40% ntawm kev sib npaug ua tau muaj peev xwm. Marvell Spica Gen2 {{{{}} TMMs rau 5NM thev naus laus zis, ua cov txheej txheem no thaum noj hauv qab 4 watts.

 

Kev ua lag luam evolution thiab kev sib tw

 

Lub chaw ua haujlwm kho qhov muag DSP tau txog kwv yees li $ 364 lab hauv 2025, nrog kev nthuav dav ib xyoos dhau los ntawm 2033. Cov qauv no muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub ua haujlwm. Kev xa khoom ntawm 400g thiab 800g modules tau tshaj 20 lab chav nyob ntawm 2024, feem ntau ntawm cov kev qhia ua ntej ntawm 20200.

Qhov kev ntsuas tus nqi no qhia cov teeb meem kev sib tw uas thawb cov thev naus laus zis tam sim no rau lawv cov kev txwv. Ua 224 Gbps Tsoos silicon {{9 {9} Kev tshawb fawb hluav taws xob tawm ntawm cov khoom siv nyias

Lub semiconductor kev lag luam lub peev xwm los muab lub peev xwm DSP txaus sawv cev rau lwm txoj kev txwv. Tam sim no 1.6t modules yuav tsum tau DSP chips ntawm ua kom muaj ntau dua 40 lab xyoo los ntawm ib lub sijhawm thaum muaj hnub nyoog Ai Cov kws tshaj lij xav tias yuav muaj lub sijhawm tsis pub muaj kev txwv tsis pub muaj cov qauv ntawm 2025, nrog tus nqi them nqi ntawm 15-20% saum toj no cov qub qub.

 

Sib xyaw ua ke thiab silicon photonics

 

Lub tsav mus rau kev sib koom ua ke ntau dua tau txais cov pob zeb silicon acconics nrawm saws. Cov thev naus laus zis siv cov txheej txheem kho qhov muag, ua kom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lasers, modulators, modulators, thiab txawm nthwv dej ntau yam chips. Qhov no consolidated optical module ua haujlwm txo cov tshuaj tivthaiv suav nrog 60-70% piv rau kev txiav txim siab, txhim kho ob qho kev ntseeg tau thiab lub hwj chim ua haujlwm.

Co -}} Packaged Optics (CPO) sawv cev rau lub hom phiaj sib xyaw siab kawg. CPO chaw kho qhov muag ncaj qha rau kev hloov pauv cov pob hluav taws xob, tshem tawm cov teeb liab teeb hluav taws xob paths uas siv lub zog thiab txwv bandwidth. Thaum Ntxov CPO qhia ua tiav 51.2 terabits ntawm Bidirectional lub hnab ntawv nyob rau hauv 400} Cov pob zeb sib sau ua ke nrog cov khoom siv Stuggable hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib npaug.

Txawm li cas los xij, CPO qhia cov kev sib tw tseem ceeb rau kev ua cov duab kos duab. Cov kev koom ua ke nruj tiv thaiv module {{}} qib xeem thiab tsim nyog uas ua kom muaj kev ntseeg tau hauv cov teeb meem. Yog hais tias ib tug optical channel poob, tag nrho cov hloov asic pob yuav tsum hloov dua li tsuas yog swapping ib module. Cov neeg tsim qauv yog tsim cov tswv yim muab faib uas sib npaug tau txais txiaj ntsig rau kev ua haujlwm pabcuam.

 

Yav Tom Ntej Kev Txhim Kho Hauv Kho Qhov Muag Cov Teeb Meem

 

Kev tshawb fawb tshawb nrhiav tau qhia ntau lub trajectories rau tom ntej -} tiam teeb liab ua. Tshuab kawm cov algorithms qhia cog lus rau kev ua kom tau nyiaj sib luag Kuaj cov qauv siv neural network -}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} kev sib txig sib luag rau cov kab sib npaug ntawm cov kab ke uas tsis sib xws.

Photonic teeb liab ua - Ua cov haujlwm suav ncaj qha rau hauv qhov kho qhov muag tsis zoo rau kev siv hluav taws xob nkaus xwb. Txhua - qhov hloov kho kho qhov muag tau ua rau hloov dua tshiab ua rau hloov dua siab tshiab thiab hloov dua hluav taws xob. Silicon flutguides nrog ua kom zoo tshaj plaws thib peb- kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau optical xor ua haujlwm ntawm 160 gbps, tawm tswv yim} optical pob ntawv ua.

Kev hloov los ntawm 1.6t rau 3.2t thiab dhau yuav xav tau cov kev hloov hauv kev hloov kho hauv kev ua haujlwm. Thaum siab dua - Order-} {}}}} lub suab nrov sib piv rau hauv tiag {9} Lub ntiaj teb fiber ntau cov nroj tsuag. Qhov probabilitt constellation shaping -}}}}}}}} ay

 

Cov Lus Nquag Nug

 

Dab tsi yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm teeb liab ua hauv kev kho qhov muag?

Qhov tseem ceeb dua kho mob ua haujlwm tswj tau cov teeb liab zoo thoob plaws hauv txoj kev tuaj yeem them nyiaj rau cov ntaub ntawv distortions rau cov ntaub ntawv distortions, rov qab cov ntaub ntawv sijhawm, thiab kho kom raug. Yog tsis muaj cov theem kev ua haujlwm no, cov cim kho qhov muag yuav txwv tsis pub dhau ib ob peb mais kev sib txuas lus luv luv dua li lub kaum lossis ntau pua mais kev hauv niaj hnub no.

DSP txawv li cas ntawm cov khoom siv cdrgrgits?

CRDR cov kev sib tw ua haujlwm hauv Analog sau, siv theem {- xauv cov xuab moos thiab cov ntaub ntawv sib dhos. DSP ua yeeb yam zoo ib yam li cov cim hloov pauv nrog siab-} {{4 4 4} i}}} cov hloov dua siab tshiab. Cov digital txoj hauv kev ua kom tau nyiaj ntau dua cov ntsiab lus sib xws.

Vim li cas thiaj muaj teeb liab ua hluav taws xob ntau zuj zus?

Kev siv fais fab nplai nrog ob qho tib si cov ntaub ntawv thiab ua cov kev nyuaj. Cov ntaub ntawv ntau dua yuav tsum tau ua piv txwv hloov dua tshiab thiab cov lim lim ntau zaus. Kev hloov kho cov ntawv tshaj tawm zoo li Pam4 thiab theem xav tau ntau cov kev ua haujlwm ib zaug los tswj cov teeb liab txaus. Ib qho 1.6t module cov txheej txheem 8 zaug ntau cov ntaub ntawv tshaj li 200g module, tab sis DSP lub zog nce los ntawm kwv yees li 10-12x vim muaj kev loj hlob ntawm kev loj hlob.

Muaj peev xwm kho qhov muag ua haujlwm tsis muaj teeb meem ua?

Qhov pib qis - ceev cov qauv ua haujlwm hauv qab no 10 Gbps tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog kev ua haujlwm tsawg- Tsuas yog cov laser thiab kev ua kom sov. Txawm li cas los xij, lub cev muaj nuj nqi kho qhov muag tau ua rau muaj kev nce qib siab dua. Modules muaj 25 GBPS thiab siab dua yuav tsum tau CDR ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus, thiab ua kom nrawm dua 100 GBPS nce qib rau kev sib luag thiab kev kho yuam kev. Lub LPO mus kom ze rau 800g tshem tawm onboard kev tab sis hloov cov haujlwm no rau cov tswv tsev.

 

Tseem Ceeb Takaways

 

Kev hloov kho kho qhov muag pib ua haujlwm los ntawm peb txheej txheem sib txawv: hloov dua siab lub cev ntawm lub cev, kev mob teeb liab, thiab digital ua

Niaj hnub DSP chips ua dhau 10 trillion kev ua haujlwm ib ob los them nyiaj rau fiber ntau hloov mus rau kev sib kis fiber ntau

Pam4 kev daws teeb meem cov ntaub ntawv siab dua tab sis qhia txog 4.8 DB teeb liab {} {{3} {} lub suab tau raug nplua

Kev siv fais fab tau dhau los ua tus qauv tsim qauv, nrog 400g cov modules siv 12-15 watts thiab 800g modules ncav 18-22 watts

Silicon photonics kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab co {{}}} Packing Optics sawv cev rau cov tseem ceeb ua kom ntev dua thiab txhim kho kev ua tau zoo

Kev ua lag luam rau lub cev kho qhov muag tau loj hlob yog loj hlob ntawm 6.8% txhua xyoo, nrog cov khoom xa tuaj tshaj 20 lab chav nyob hauv 2024

 

Qho tseem ceeb

 

FiberMall - Dab tsi yog cov khoom siv sab hauv ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob (httnalmall.com/blog

Kev tshawb xyuas fiber ntau -} Nrhiav txoj kev ntawm kho tshuab siv tshuab (https ay

{{-}}} nkag rau DSP hauv kev sib tw kho qhov muag (HTTPS.com/blog

360 thev naus laus zis}}} Kws Kho Mob Ua Lag Luam

Nature - Learnable Digital Signal Processing for Optical Fiber Communications (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41377-024-01556-5)

Springer -}} Kev vam meej hauv sinm chips (https}} artpringer.com/article/10.100-00154-6)

Sib sib zog nqus qhov - Cov khoom siv sib sib zog nqus dej :///Deepor -

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