Yuav Ua Li Cas Xaiv Txoj Cai Optical Transceiver

Tom qab pab cov neeg siv khoom qhia cov transceivers hla ntau pua lub chaw cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev xa khoom lag luam txij li xyoo 2012, peb tau kawm tias feem ntau cov kev xaiv yuam kev tuaj rau tib yam ntawm cov teeb meem: tsis ncaj ncees lawm qhov deb, hom fiber ntau tsis sib haum, lossis teeb meem kev sib raug zoo uas tsuas yog tshwm sim tom qab cov modules tuaj txog ntawm -site.

Phau ntawv qhia no taug kev los ntawm cov txheej txheem xaiv peb siv sab hauv thaum cov neeg siv khoom xa peb lawv cov npe chaw nres nkoj. Yog tias koj ntsia rau 6 yam hauv qab no -form factor, speed, distance, fiber type, wavelength, and switch compatibility-koj yuav zam tau cov teeb meem uas ua rau kev xa rov qab thiab xa mus qeeb.

 

Lub Rooj Xaiv

Ua ntej dhia mus rau hauv cov ntsiab lus, siv lub rooj no kom txo qis koj cov kev xaiv. Nrhiav koj qhov kev ncua deb thiab ceev, thiab koj yuav muaj cov npe luv ntawm cov hom module los ntsuas.

Nyob deb	Ceev	Hom Fiber	Hom Module	Txuas	Hom Lub Zog
Hauv qab 100 m	10G	OM3 / OM4 Multimode	SFP + SR	Duplex LC	1–1.5W
Hauv qab 100 m	100G	OM3 / OM4 Multimode	QSFP28 SR4	MPO-12	3.5W
Hauv qab 100 m	400G	OM3 / OM4 Multimode	QSFP-DD SR8	MPO-16	10–12W
100m–500m	100G	OS2 Single-mode	QSFP28 DR1 / PSM4	Duplex LC / MPO-12	4–5W
500m-2km	100G	OS2 Single-mode	QSFP28 FR1 / CWDM4	Duplex LC	4.5W
2 km-10km	100G	OS2 Single-mode	QSFP28 LR4	Duplex LC	4.5–5W
500m-2km	400G	OS2 Single-mode	QSFP-DD FR4	Duplex LC	10–14W
2 km-10km	400G	OS2 Single-mode	QSFP-DD LR4	Duplex LC	12–14W
Hauv qab 100 m	800G	OM4 Multimode	OSFP SR8	MPO-16	15–18W
500m-2km	800G	OS2 Single-mode	OSFP DR8 / 2xFR4	MPO-16 / Duplex LC	18–22W

Tus qauv yog ncaj nraim: SR (luv ncav cuag) variants siv 850nm multimode rau kev ncua deb li ob peb puas meters, thaum DR / FR / LR variants siv 1310nm ib zaug- hom rau kev khiav mus ntev dua. Yog tias koj qhov txuas poob ntawm pawg, mus nrog qhov ntev dua - mus txog qhov kev xaiv - tus nqi ntxiv yog tsawg dua piv rau kev daws teeb meem ntawm qhov txuas txuas.

 

 

Ua raws li koj qhov hloov chaw nres nkoj ua ntej

Koj qhov chaw nres nkoj hloov txiav txim siab seb cov modules twg koj tuaj yeem xav txog. Nov yog qhov peb pom thoob plaws kev xa tawm tam sim no:

SFP/SFP+/SFP28qhia tib lub cev qhov ntev. Ib qhov chaw nres nkoj SFP28 yuav lees txais SFP + modules thiab ua haujlwm ntawm 10G, tab sis xyuas koj cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv- qee tus neeg muag khoom kaw cov chaw nres nkoj rau qhov ceev tshwj xeeb. Peb tau pom cov neeg siv khoom xaj SFP28 modules rau cov keyboards uas tsuas yog txhawb nqa SFP +, thiab cov modules tsuas yog tsis pib.

QSFP+/QSFP28/QSFP56yog plaub- txoj kab tsev neeg. QSFP28 cov chaw nres nkoj feem ntau lees txais QSFP + modules ntawm 40G nrawm. CovQSFP28 daim ntawv foosdominates tam sim no 100G kev xa tawm vim nws qhov chaw nres nkoj ceev -koj tuaj yeem haum 36 chaw nres nkoj ntawm 1U hloov lub ntsej muag.

QSFP-DDob npaug ntawm txoj kab suav mus rau yim, txhawb nqa400G hauv ib qho module. Cov chaw nres nkoj no tswj kev rov qab sib raug zoo nrog QSFP28, uas tseem ceeb thaum tsiv teb tsaws thaum koj txuas tshiab 400G txha nraub qaum hloov mus rau 100G nplooj ntoo uas twb muaj lawm.

OSFPkuj tseem siv yim txoj kab tab sis muaj qhov taw qhia lub cev loj dua QSFP-DD. Qhov loj ntxiv tso cai rau kev tswj xyuas thermal zoo dua -tseem ceeb rau800G modulesuas siv 15-22W thiab tsim kom muaj cua sov loj. Kev lag luam tawm yog qhov chaw nres nkoj qis dua ntawm qhov hloov.

Ib yam uas peb tau kawm los ntawm kev tuav cov lus nug txog kev sib raug zoo: lub cev haum tsis tau txhais hais tias ua haujlwm tau zoo. Peb niaj hnub tau txais daim pib los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom uas tso SFP + rau hauv SFP-tsuas yog chaw nres nkoj, lossis QSFP28 rau hauv QSFP + chaw nres nkoj uas tsis txhawb 100G. Nco ntsoov xyuas qhov chaw nres nkoj qhov kev txhawb nqa nrawm ntxiv rau daim ntawv.

 

Dab tsi koj Network tiag tiag xav tau

Ua kom qhov chaw nres nkoj nrawm rau koj qhov kev xav tau tiag tiag bandwidth, tsis yog qhov siab tshaj plaws theoretical. Ib qho 10G txuas nruab nrab 2Gbps nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws rau 5Gbps muaj ntau lub taub hau. Ib qho 10G txuas txuas mus tas li ua haujlwm siab dua 7Gbps xav tau txoj hauv kev txhim kho.

Tam sim no mainstream deployments tawg los ntawm network tier:

Server access txheej:10G thiab 25G ua tus thawj tswj hwm rau feem ntau cov haujlwm ua haujlwm.SFP28 modules ntawm 25Gntaus qhov sib npaug zoo ntawm tus nqi thiab muaj peev xwm rau cov neeg rau zaub mov niaj hnub NICs. Peb tab tom pom 100G server kev sib txuas feem ntau rau GPU pawg thiab siab - kev ua tau zoo suav, tab sis qhov ntawd tseem yog feem pua ​​​​ntawm tag nrho cov chaw nres nkoj.

Nplooj-rau- qaum:100G yog tus qauv rau feem ntau kev xa tawm tshiab. Cov koom haum kho dua tshiab feem ntau txav mus rau 400G ntawm tus txha nraub qaum ua ntej, tom qab ntawd maj mam hloov cov nplooj hloov pauv raws li peev nyiaj tso cai. Qhov no cia koj khiav ib puag ncig sib xyaw thaum tsiv teb tsaws yam tsis muaj kev hloov kho forklift.

Rov qab-rau-core thiab DCI:400G tau dhau los ua tus qauv rau siab -bandwidth cov tseev kom muaj. 800G kev xa tawm nrawm nrawm hauv ib puag ncig hyperscale, txawm hais tias kev ua lag luam feem ntau qeeb los ntawm 18-24 lub hlis.

 

 

Distance thiab Link Budget: Qhov twg Feem ntau yuam kev tshwm sim

Qhov ntsuas nyob deb ntawm daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv transceiver suav tias yog cov xwm txheej zoo tshaj plaws -cov khoom txuas huv si, tsis pub dhau -spec fiber ntau, cov ntsiab lus sib txuas tsawg tsawg. Kev teeb tsa tiag tiag tsis tshua muaj qhov sib xws li cov kev xav.

Kev sib txuas cov peev nyiaj suav nrog yuav tsum suav rau fiber ntau attenuation (kwv yees li 0.35 dB / km ntawm 1310nm rau ib qho - hom), connector poob (pob nyiaj 0.3-0.5 dB ib khub niam txiv), txhua qhov sib txuas lus, thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom qub thiab ib puag ncig kev hloov pauv. Peb feem ntau pom zoo kom khaws 2-3 dB ntawm cov paj tau dhau qhov kev suav poob.

Nov yog qhov teeb meem: ncav cuag cov npe xws li SR, DR, FR, LR, thiab ER yog qhov tseem ceeb luv luv, tab sis lawv tsis yog cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb nrog cov lus qhia zoo ib yam thoob plaws cov neeg muag khoom. Ib qho "LR4" module los ntawm ob lub tuam txhab sib txawv yuav muaj peev xwm sib txawv me ntsis. Nco ntsoov txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag es tsis yog xav tias tus cwj pwm zoo ib yam.

Rau ib qho - hom kev sib txuas ntawm qhov nrawm dua, chromatic dispersion dhau los ua qhov txwv. Lub teeb liab 10G zam ntau qhov sib txawv ntau dua li 100G teeb liab hla tib lub fiber ntau. Qhov no yog vim li cas koj tsis tuaj yeem hloov 100G-LR4 rau 10G-LR thiab cia siab tias nws yuav ua haujlwm ntawm tib qhov deb- lub physics txawv.

 

 

Multimode vs. Tib -Mod

Koj cov nroj tsuag fiber ntau uas twb muaj lawm feem ntau hais qhov kev xaiv no. Rub cov fiber ntau tshiab yog kim, thiab feem ntau kev xa tawm ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv kev txwv tsis pub siv.

Multimode (OM3 / OM4 / OM5)txhais tau tias tus nqi qis dua transceiver tab sis luv dua. OM4 fiber ntau nrog 100G-SR4 modules ncav cuag li 100 meters- txaus rau feem ntau intra- tsim kev sib txuas. Qhov kev txwv deb nruj ntawm qhov nrawm dua, uas yog vim li cas tsis muaj tus qauv 400G lossis 800G module uas mus txog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig nyob deb ntawm ntau hom.

 

Tib - hom (OS2)txhais tau hais tias tus nqi siab dua transceiver tab sis ua tau ntev dua. Tib fiber ntau txhawb txhua yam los ntawm 500-meter tsev kawm ntawv txuas mus rau 80km metro kev sib txuas-koj tsuas yog hloov lub transceiver. Qhov kev hloov pauv no yog vim li cas peb feem ntau pom zoo ib hom rau kev teeb tsa fiber ntau tshiab txawm tias qhov kev ncua deb tam sim no tsis xav tau. Tus nqi cable sib txawv yog marginal, thiab cov transceivers yog swappable; cov fiber yog ruaj khov.

Ib qho qauv peb pom dua: cov neeg siv khoom rub tawm ntau hom rau kev ua haujlwm luv luv, tom qab ntawd yuav tsum tau ncua nws ob xyoos tom qab. Cov fiber ntau tsis tuaj yeem txhawb qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov xav tau ceev, yog li lawv xaus rau rub ib leeg tshiab - hom twg. Yog tias koj tab tom ua kev teeb tsa greenfield, ib qho -hom txhua qhov chaw yuav txuag tau mob taub hau tom qab.

 

 

Wavelength: Tau Txais Cov Ntsiab Cai Zoo

Tus qauv transceivers ua haujlwm ntawm 850nm (multimode), 1310nm (ib zaug-mode luv / nruab nrab ncav cuag), lossis 1550nm (ib zaug-mode long reach). Ob lub transceivers txuas nrog fiber ntau yuav tsum tau sib xws wavelengths -rau cov qauv duplex sib txuas, uas txhais tau tias tib lub wavelength ntawm ob qhov kawg.

BiDi (bidirectional) transceiversyog ib qho kev zam. Cov no siv ob qhov sib txawv wavelengths ntawm ib qho fiber ntau strand: yog tias ib qho kawg xa ntawm 1310nm thiab tau txais ntawm 1550nm, lwm qhov kawg yuav tsum xa ntawm 1550nm thiab tau txais ntawm 1310nm. BiDi modules yuav tsum raug txiav txim thiab xa mus ua khub ua ke. Peb tau daws cov teeb meem kev txhawb nqa uas cov neeg siv khoom sib xyaw ua ke, thiab qhov tshwm sim yog qhov txuas uas tsis kam tuaj nrog tsis muaj qhov pom tseeb yuam kev.

WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing)enables ntau txoj kev hla ib khub fiber ntau los ntawm kev muab txhua lub channel sib txawv wavelength.CWDMsiv 20nm channel sib nrug nrog 18 wavelengths muaj - siv tau rau kev siv metro thiab tsev kawm ntawv qhov twg fiber ntau txwv.DWDMsiv ntau qhov sib sib zog nqus (0.8nm lossis tsawg dua) thiab txhawb 40–96+ channels, tab sis yuav tsum muaj qhov kub thiab txias - lasers ruaj khov thiab feem ntau yog siv hauv cov cab kuj.

Rau feem ntau kev lag luam xa tawm, tus qauv ib zaug - wavelength optics txaus. WDM ntxiv cov nqi thiab qhov nyuaj uas tsuas yog ua rau kev txiav txim siab thaum koj muaj fiber ntau - txwv lossis xav kom sib sau ntau qhov siab - bandwidth paths.

 

 

Kev ntsuas kub

Tus qauv coj mus muag transceivers ua haujlwm ntawm 0℃txog 70℃rooj plaub kub. Qhov ntawd yog qhov zoo rau huab cua-cov chaw tswj cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov khoom siv chav. Thawb sab nraum qhov ntau, thiab koj yuav pom kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo lossis tsis ua haujlwm.

Kev lag luam- qib modules ntsuas rau -40℃txog 85℃tus nqi ntau dua tab sis tsim nyog rau cov txee sab nraum zoov, qhov chaw ntawm tes, lub Hoobkas hauv pem teb nrog kub viav vias, lossis txhua qhov chaw uas tsis muaj HVAC ntseeg tau.

Qhov cuam tshuam thermal ntawm transceivers yog zoo-cov ntaub ntawv: laser threshold tam sim no nce nrog kub, ua rau lub wavelength drift thiab zog variation. Cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam kev ntseeg tau qhia tias txhua txhua 10℃nce hauv kev khiav hauj lwm kub roughs ob npaug ntawm cov khoom degradation tus nqi. Lub transceiver khiav ntawm 70℃yuav ncav cuag qhov kawg - ntawm - lub neej sai dua li ib qho kev khiav hauj lwm ntawm 60 degree, txawm tias ob leeg nyob hauv lawv cov kev ntsuas ntsuas.

Rau kev xa cov ntaub ntawv hauv chaw, kev lag luam - qib modules yog qhov tsim nyog. Rau ib yam dab tsi sab nraum ib puag ncig kev tswj hwm, qhia qhov ntsuas kub ntawm kev lag luam thiab txheeb xyuas tus neeg muag khoom tau sim rau qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb.

 

Hloov Compatibility: Lub Hidden Gotcha

Qhov no yog qhov uas ntau tus neeg muas zaub tau ntsib teeb meem. Hloov cov neeg muag khoom qhov kev pabcuam transceivers nrog cov lej cim uas lawv cov cuab yeej kuaj xyuas ua ntej qhib cov chaw nres nkoj. Ntxig ib lub module yam tsis muaj tus neeg muag khoom xav tau code, thiab koj tuaj yeem pom cov lus ceeb toom, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, lossis ua tiav qhov chaw nres nkoj kaw nyob ntawm lub platform.

OEM transceiversyog lav tau tshaj tab sis feem ntau tus nqi siab dua li thib peb -txoj kev xaiv. Rau 100G QSFP28 module, peb tau pom tus nqi OEM hauv $ 800–2000 ntau yam piv rau $ 200–400 rau qhov sib npaug thib peb -party modules coded rau tib lub platform.

Thib peb - tog tau tshaj modulessiv tib MSA-tus qauv kho vajtse nrog tus neeg muag khoom- tshwj xeeb EEPROM coding. Tus yuam sij yog ua haujlwm nrog tus neeg muag khoom uas tau sim tawm tsam koj tus qauv hloov pauv tshwj xeeb thiab firmware version. Ntawm peb qhov chaw nyob hauv Shenzhen, peb tuav cov ntaub ntawv sib raug zoo uas suav nrog ntau txhiab tus hloov pauv / firmware kev sib txuas thiab ua ntej - cov kev pab cuam modules nrog cov neeg muag khoom raug cai ua ntej xa khoom.

Dab tsi los txheeb xyuas ua ntej xaj:

• Koj tus qauv hloov pauv thiab tam sim no firmware version
• Seb tus neeg muag khoom tau sim qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke
• Rov qab txoj cai yog tias cov modules tsis ua haujlwm hauv koj ib puag ncig
• Seb recoding muaj nyob yog tias koj hloov pauv hloov platform tom qab

Ib qho kev xav tsis zoo: siv thib peb -party modules tsis ua rau koj qhov kev lees paub hloov pauv. Raws li Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act (hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas) thiab cov cai zoo sib xws thoob ntiaj teb, OEMs tsis tuaj yeem tsis lees txais kev lees paub tsuas yog vim tias koj siv thib peb - tog tog- lawv tsuas tuaj yeem tsis lees txais kev pab yog tias lawv ua pov thawj thib peb - tog tivthaiv ua rau qhov ua tsis tiav.

 

DAC thiab AOC: Thaum Optics Tsis Tsim Nyog

Tsis yog txhua qhov siab -kev sib txuas ceev xav tau optical transceivers. Rau luv luv,Direct Txuas tooj liab (DAC)thiabActive Optical Cables (AOC)muab lwm txoj kev.

DAC cablesyog twinax tooj liab nrog kev sib txuas ntawm ob qho kawg. Tus nqi qis tshaj, qis tshaj latency, txwv ncav cuag -feem ntau 1–5 meters nyob ntawm qhov ceev. Lawv yog cov zoo tagnrho rau khib- kev sib txuas sab hauv uas qhov deb tsawg thiab koj xav tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws latency. Lub downside yog qhov hnyav thiab khoov vojvoog; ib nras ntawm DAC cables tau hnyav thiab unwieldy sai.

AOC kabyog fiber ntau optic cables nrog mus tas li txuas transceiver modules. Lighter dua DAC ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov ntev, nrog txog li 100 meters rau qee qhov sib txawv. Kev lag luam tawm: tsis teb -terminable. Yog tias lub cable puas lawm, koj hloov tag nrho lub rooj sib txoos es tsis yog rov ua dua -.

Lub hauv paus kev txiav txim siab: DAC rau ib yam dab tsi hauv qab 3 meters thaum tus nqi thiab latency tseem ceeb tshaj, AOC rau 3-30 meter khiav qhov twg cable hnyav los yog electromagnetic cuam tshuam yog ib qho kev txhawj xeeb, ib txwm transceivers nrog patch cords rau txhua yam ntev dua los yog thaum koj xav tau qhov yooj yim hloov cable ntev.

 

Kev huv huv ntawm Connector

Nov yog qee yam uas peb tau kawm los ntawm kev tuav cov khoom xa rov qab thiab kev txhawb nqa daim pib: kev sib kis kab mob sib kis yog lub luag haujlwm rau feem ntau ntawm qhov tau tshaj tawm tias "module tsis ua haujlwm." Cov ntaub ntawv teb los ntawm North American cov ntaub ntawv chaw xa tawm qhia tias cov khoom sib txuas qias neeg lossis puas tsuaj ua rau feem ntau ntawm cov teeb meem kho qhov muag txuas -tsis tau cov modules lawv tus kheej sim zoo kawg nkaus thaum peb tau txais lawv rov qab.

Cov hmoov av tsuas yog ob peb microns hauv txoj kab uas hla - pom tsis tau ntawm qhov muag liab qab - tuaj yeem thaiv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov teeb liab kho qhov muag. Qhov tshwm sim yog qhov tsis sib xws ntawm qhov tsis ua tiav, uas ua rau nws yog hom teeb meem nyuaj tshaj plaws los kuaj xyuas.

Kev tiv thaiv raws tu qauv:

• Tshawb xyuas cov khoom txuas nrog lub microscope fiber ntau (200x magnification yam tsawg kawg nkaus) ua ntej txhua qhov ntxig
• Ntxuav nrog lint-dawb so thiab kho qhov muag-qib isopropanol yog pom muaj paug
• Siv cov tshuab ntxuav tais diav rau cov chaw nres nkoj sab hauv
• Khaws cov kaus mom plua plav nyob rau hauv qhov chaw kom txog thaum lub sijhawm sib txuas
• Tsis txhob siv cov cua compressed -nws tuaj yeem tshuab cov khoom rau hauv qhov txuas es tsis txhob nyob deb ntawm nws

Peb suav nrog cov kev soj ntsuam fiber ntau hauv peb cov khoom siv pom zoo xa mus rau qhov laj thawj no. A $ 400 microscope tiv thaiv ntau txhiab tus hloov pauv tsis tsim nyog thiab lub sijhawm daws teeb meem.

 

 

Kev Tiv Thaiv ESD: Tsim Nyog Ua Tau Zoo

Electrostatic paug tsis tas yuav ua rau tsis ua hauj lwm tam sim ntawd. Ntau zaus, nws tsim kev puas tsuaj uas ua rau cov khoom tsis muaj zog thiab ua rau lub hlis tsis ua haujlwm tom qab -tsis tuaj yeem taug qab rov qab mus rau qhov qub tuav yuam kev.

Cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam qhia tias ESD tso nyiaj rau 12-15% ntawm transceiver teb rov qab thaum cov txheej txheem tsim nyog tsis ua raws. Ua raws li cov txheej txheem ESD kom raug- dab teg pluaj hauv av rau cov khoom siv chassis, los tiv thaiv - lub hnab zoo li qub kom txog rau thaum kev teeb tsa, zam qhov qis - av noo- poob tus lej ntawd qis dua 2%.

Cov khoom tsis zoo yog cov laser diodes, photodetectors, thiab input tiv thaiv circuits ntawm tus tsav tsheb ICs. Tsis muaj leej twg zam qhov tso tawm zoo li qub, thiab qhov kev puas tsuaj feem ntau pom tsis tau txog thaum lub module tsis ua haujlwm ntau lub lis piam lossis hli tom qab.

 

 

Cov lus nug nquag

 

 

Cov Ntawv Xaiv Xaiv

Ua ntej tso ib qho kev txiav txim, paub meej txog rau qhov tsis muaj:

• Form factorphim koj cov chaw hloov pauv (SFP +, SFP28, QSFP28, QSFP-DD, OSFP)
• Ceevphim qhov chaw nres nkoj muaj peev xwm thiab cov kev xav tau hauv network
• Nyob debnpog nrog cov npoo (tsis txhob spec rau ntawm ntug ntawm qhov ntsuas ncav cuag)
• Fiber homphim cov nroj tsuag uas twb muaj lawm (multimode vs. single-mode)
• Lub wavelengthtsim nyog rau hom fiber ntau (850nm rau multimode, 1310nm / 1550nm rau ib leeg- hom)
• Hloov compatibilitytxheeb xyuas rau koj tus qauv tshwj xeeb thiab firmware

Tau txais cov cai no, thiab kev xa tawm ncaj qha. Nco ib qho ntawm lawv, thiab koj tab tom saib cov khoom xa rov qab, xaj rov qab, thiab qhov project qeeb.

Yog tias koj xav tau kev pab qhia cov modules rau kev xa tawm,xa koj daim ntawv teev npe rau pebnrog rau cov qauv hloov, kev ncua deb, thiab fiber ntau hom. Peb pab neeg ua haujlwm yuav muab tso ua ke cov lus pom zoo raws li peb cov ntaub ntawv xeem thiab cov ntaub ntawv sib raug zoo.