FTTX Fiber yog tsim los thoob ntiaj teb

 

Qhov teeb meem Preform tsis muaj leej twg hais txog

 

Ntawm no yog qhov kev lag luam glossy cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsis hais txog: preform manufacturing yog qhov twg tiag tiag bottleneck nyob.

Lub preform yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov iav rog rog -tej zaum 200mm hauv txoj kab uas hla thiab peb meters ntev -los ntawm cov tuam ntxhab kos ntau pua mais ntawm cov fiber ntau tiav. Cov chemistry koom nrog yuav tsum muaj silicon tetrachloride thiab germanium tetrachloride reacting nrog oxygen ntawm qhov kub thiab txias uas yuav ua rau feem ntau cov txheej txheem kev lag luam zoo li quaint. Peb tab tom tham txog 1900℃furnaces, tus nqi deposition ntsuas hauv grams ib feeb, thiab purity yuav tsum tau qhov twg qhov chaw -ib -billion paug theem yeej tseem ceeb.

Tuam Tshoj tsim ib yam dab tsi zoo li 90% ntawm lub ntiaj teb germanium, uas muab lawv tus nqi tsim nyog zoo uas cov neeg sib tw tawm tsam kom phim. Kuv tau pom cov thawj coj ntawm kev muag khoom ntawm European telecoms ntsiag to lees tias lawv tau tso tseg qhov kev sim rau qhov tsis yog -Suav preforms ntawm tus nqi sib tw. lej xwb tsis ua hauj lwm.

MCVD (Modified Chemical Vapor Deposition) tseem yog cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm- cov txheej txheem ntawm doped silica soot tso rau hauv rotating quartz hlab, tom qab ntawd tawg rau hauv cov pas nrig los ntawm cov cua kub hnyav. Tswb Labs pioneered qhov no nyob rau hauv 1970s siv Heaeus fused quartz raj, thiab lub hauv paus mus kom ze tsis tau hloov ntau npaum li koj xav tau. OVD thiab VAD variations muaj nyob, txhua qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm kev tso nyiaj thiab kev tswj xyuas qhov ntsuas pom, tab sis MCVD dominates lag luam ntau lawm.

Cov tuam txhab Nyij Pooj -Sumitomo, Fujikura, Shin-Etsu- tseem hais kom muaj kev hwm rau preform zoo. Lawv cov khoom khiav tej zaum 15-20% tus nqi tshaj li Suav sib npaug, tab sis rau submarine cables lossis tshwj xeeb daim ntawv thov uas koj tsis tuaj yeem muaj teeb meem attenuation ntawm km 47, tib neeg them nws.

 

 

Qhov twg Fiber tiag los ntawm

 

YOFC (Yangtze Optical Fiber thiab Cable) ua haujlwm tawm ntawm Wuhan thiab lawv yog lub ntiaj teb thib ob - cov chaw tsim khoom siv fiber ntau tshaj plaws tom qab Corning. Lawv lub peev xwm tsim tau ntau tshaj 100 lab fiber ntau kilometers ib xyoos twg. Tus lej ntawd yog qhov nyuaj rau contextualize kom txog thaum koj paub tias nws txaus los qhwv ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb txoj kab nruab nrab kwv yees li 2,500 zaug. Txhua xyoo.

Hengtong thiab ZTT puag ncig ntawm Suav loj loj. Hengtong tau nruj heev txog kev sib koom ua ke ntsug-lawv tau txais cov chaw thoob plaws cov khoom siv thiab tam sim no tsim txhua yam los ntawm preforms mus ua tiav cable sib dhos rau submarine systems. ZTT thov lawv lub Hoobkas kho qhov muag cable ib leeg npog 40,000 square meters.

Qhov concentration cuam tshuam qee cov phiaj xwm kev lag luam hauv xov tooj. Tsis yog vim li cas nom tswv thiaj li tsim nyog, tab sis vim hais tias cov saw hlau resilience ua rau muaj lus nug tiag tiag thaum 50+ lab core kilometers ntawm txhua xyoo tsim nyob rau hauv ob peb puas mais ntawm ib leeg nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Tuam Tshoj. Xyoo 2020-2021 kev thauj mus los cuam tshuam tau nthuav tawm tias cov saw hlau logistics puas tuaj yeem ua rau tawg.

Prysmian ua haujlwm 104 cov nroj tsuag thoob plaws 50+ lub teb chaws, uas lub suab sib txawv kom txog thaum koj khawb rau qhov twg cov fiber ntau kho qhov muag tshwj xeeb tau ua piv rau qhov uas lawv tsuas yog ua cable sib dhos thiab txiav tawm. Qhov siab -tus nqi tsim cov kauj ruam ntau dua li cov nroj tsuag suav hais tias.

 

Khoov-Insensitive Fiber Hloov Txhua Yam (feem ntau)

 

Tus qauv ITU-T G.657 tau tshwm sim los daws qhov teeb meem installers tau yws txog ntau xyoo: cov pa ib zaug - hom fiber ntau ntxub nruj khoov.

Txheem G.652 fiber ntau xav tau 30mm khoov radii kom macrobending poob tau txais. Qhov ntawd yog qhov zoo rau cov kab hluav taws xob sab nraum zoov uas khiav los ntawm cov kav dej, tab sis ua tsis tau zoo rau qhov kawg ntawm ib puas meters ntawm FTTH xa mus rau qhov twg cov cable yuav tsum tau mus ncig ntawm lub qhov rooj, los ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm phab ntsa, thiab rau hauv cov kab nrib pleb.

G.657.A1 thawb qhov tsawg kawg nkaus khoov vojvoog mus rau 10mm. G.657.A2 thiab B2 variants ntaus 7.5mm. B3 qeb- uas kuv tseem xav tias yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg me ntsis - tso cai 5mm khoov nrog tsawg dua 0.15 dB poob ntawm 1550nm.

Kev ua kom yuam kev engineering suav nrog kev hloov kho qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas kom nruj rau hom kab kab uas hla thiab nce cov lej aperture. Muaj kev lag luam tawm -qee B3 fibers qhia siab chromatic dispersion los yog splice compatibility teeb meem nrog legacy G.652 infrastructure-tab sis rau kev nkag mus rau network deployments qhov twg koj tab tom khiav fiber ntau rau chav tsev nrog leej twg - paub- kev teeb tsa dab tsi, khoov qhov kev ua tau zoo tshaj qhov ua tau zoo dua optimizations.

Kuv tau saib tus neeg cog lus staple- phom FTTH poob cable raws lub hauv paus hauv qab xyoo tas los. Cov kab muaj sia nyob. Cov tsoos fiber ntau los ntawm tsib xyoos dhau los yuav tsis muaj.

 

 

CovFTTXSau ntawv kua zaub

 

FTTH. FTTP. FTTB. FTTC. FTTN. Cov acronyms ntau vim hais tias cov fiber ntau termination point yuav hloov raws li kev lag luam thiab cov infrastructure uas twb muaj lawm.

FTTH txhais tau hais tias fiber ntau khiav ncaj qha mus rau hauv qhov chaw nyob -ib qhov chaw txuas kho qhov muag nyob hauv ib tus neeg lub tsev, hloov photons rau electrons rau lawv lub router. Qhov no yog qhov kev xaiv kim. Kev khawb txoj kev, rub cov kab hluav taws xob los ntawm cov kav dej uas twb muaj lawm yog tias koj muaj hmoo, txhim kho cov cuab yeej hauv txhua lub tsev nyob. Kev xa tawm hauv Tebchaws Europe tau pom € 500-800 rau ib thaj chaw hla hauv nroog; cov nqi nyob deb nroog tuaj yeem ntaus ntau qhov ntawd.

FTTB nres ntawm lub tsev hauv qab daus lossis chav sib txuas lus, tom qab ntawd siv tooj liab lossis ethernet cabling uas twb muaj lawm rau kev faib khoom zaum kawg. Chav tsev complexes nyiam txoj hauv kev no vim tias koj tsis tau khiav tshiab rau txhua chav tsev.

FTTN xaus ntawm ib lub txee hauv zej zog- "node"- qhov twg tooj liab ua tiav mais kawg. pheej yig dua rau kev xa tawm, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo nyob rau qhov deb. Cov ntu tooj liab txwv koj hauv txoj hauv kev uas ua rau fiber ntau bandwidth qhov zoo tshaj qhov theoretical.

Cov kev sib txawv tseem ceeb tsawg dua li kev lag luam qhia. Dab tsi tseem ceeb yog qhov chaw kho qhov muag -rau- hluav taws xob hloov dua siab tshiab tshwm sim, thiab ntau npaum li cas tooj liab zaum ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv ntawd thiab cov neeg siv kawg. Ntau tus tooj liab sib npaug ntau dua attenuation, hluav taws xob cuam tshuam ntau dua, thiab qis dua cov ntaub ntawv tau txais. Tsis muaj khawv koob nyob ntawm no.

 

Qhov zoo sib txawv ntau dua li leej twg lees

 

Suav manufacturers tau txais lub koob npe nrov rau kev sib tw nqi. Txawm hais tias lawv tau txais lub koob npe zoo sib npaug rau qhov zoo nyob ntawm qhov chaw muag khoom koj tab tom tham thiab leej twg nug.

Cov neeg ua si loj-YOFC, Hengtong, ZTT, Futong- xa tawm mus rau thoob ntiaj teb kev sib txuas lus thiab feem ntau ua tau raws li cov ntawv pov thawj thoob ntiaj teb. ISO 9001, TIA-568, IEC 60794 ua raws. Lawv cov cables kuaj hauv spec. Cov factories zoo li niaj hnub.

Tab sis qib -ob thiab tier-peb tus neeg xa khoom? Cov quoting nqi 40% hauv qab tsim manufacturers? Qhov ntawd yog qhov kev yuav khoom tau nthuav. Kuv tau hnov ​​​​cov dab neeg-sab ob, lees paub- ntawm fiber ntau nrog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg siab attenuation, dej- thaiv cov tebchaw uas degraded hauv ob xyoos, thiab cov tsho cable uas tawg me ntsis UV raug.

Kev kuaj lub nra hnyav hloov mus rau cov neeg yuav khoom hauv txoj hauv kev uas tsis yog ib txwm pom tseeb. Lub chaw tsim khoom muaj koob npe zoo tswj xyuas qhov tsis xws luag ua ntej xa zaub mov. Cov peev txheej pheej yig dua yuav xav tau kev tshuaj xyuas tuaj ntawm txhua qhov spool-OTDR cov cim, ntsuas tensile, kev txheeb xyuas lub tsho tuab- uas tshem tawm qee qhov kev txuag nqi.

Tsis muaj qhov no tshwj xeeb rau kev tsim khoom hauv Suav teb. Kuv tau pom hauv teb chaws - cov kab hluav taws xob tsim tsis ua haujlwm zoo heev. Tab sis thaum koj tab tom ua kom zoo rau cov nqi yuav khoom ntawm cov khoom lag luam, qhov zoo sib txawv nce.

 

 

Installation Realities

 

Lub fiber nws tus kheej yog yuav luag tsis muaj teeb meem.

Kev teeb tsa kev teeb tsa ua rau tej zaum 80% ntawm cov teeb meem kev ua tau zoo uas kuv tau pom hauv kev siv FTTH tes hauj lwm. Macrobends qhov twg cov cable tau kinked thaum rub -los ntawm. Cov khoom sib txuas kis tau nrog cov plua plav vim qee tus neeg tsis tau ntim lawv. Fusion splices nrog ntau poob vim lub cleave yog sloppy. Cable tsho puas los ntawm overeager staple phom.

Khoov- tsis muaj fiber ntau pab. Ua ntej- cov kev daws teeb meem txuas ntxiv txo qhov kev txiav tawm qhov yuam kev. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw kuaj xyuas thiab qhov tiag - kev ua haujlwm hauv ntiaj teb los rau leej twg yog tus tuav lub cable tiag tiag.

Cov neeg tsim khoom paub qhov no. Nws yog vim li cas cov tuam txhab xws li OFS muab cov kev pabcuam tshaj lij rau kev xa tawm turnkey -lawv tau kawm tias muag fiber ntau txhais tau tias tsis muaj dab tsi yog tias lub installation puas lawm. CommScope pob khoom kuaj nrog lawv cov khoom FTTH. Lub ecosystem tau hloov zuj zus mus lees paub tias ob peb meters kawg ntawm kev teeb tsa sawv cev rau qhov siab tshaj plaws - feem txaus ntshai ntawm tag nrho cov network.

 

Qhov no yog Lub Taub Hau

 

Hollow-core fiber tseem feem ntau sim tab sis lub physics tau cog lus tias - coj lub teeb los ntawm huab cua es tsis txhob iav txo latency thiab theoretically tshem tawm cov teebmeem nonlinear uas txwv lub zog tuav. Prysmian tau tshaj tawm txoj haujlwm ntawm nws. Tsis txhob cia siab tias kev lag luam FTTH xa tawm txhua lub sijhawm sai sai.

Multi-cov tub ntxhais fibers ntim ntau lub teeb- nqa cores rau hauv ib qho cladding, boosting peev xwm ntawm ib lub cable yam tsis muaj qhov sib npaug loj. Qhov chaw- faib multiplexing tuaj yeem muaj teeb meem rau cov ntaub ntawv chaw sib cuam tshuam qhov twg qhov chaw duct yog txwv thiab bandwidth xav tau nce.

200-micron txo- txoj kab uas hla fibers twb tau xa mus rau high-density daim ntaub ntawv. Txheem fiber ntau yog 250 microns nrog txheej; trimming uas tso cai rau ntau fibers rau ib lub raj, ntau lub raj rau ib cable, ntau dua suav ib duct. Cov neeg kho tshuab kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov kab me me tau siv ntau xyoo los siv tau, tab sis kev lag luam zoo li nyiam nrog nws tam sim no.

Qhov chaw tsim khoom tej zaum yuav tsis hloov pauv ntau. Cov peev peev uas xav tau rau kev tsim khoom ua ntej-ntau pua lab nyiaj daus las rau qhov chaw sib tw- ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev nkag. Cov tuam txhab uas plam qhov kev tsim tawm nthwv dej hauv xyoo 2000s thiab 2010s tsis tuaj yeem ntes tau yooj yim.

Yog tias muaj dab tsi, kuv xav kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke txuas ntxiv. Prysmian tau txais General Cable. Corning ua kom muaj peev xwm nthuav dav. Cov tuam txhab lag luam suav pheej thawb mus rau African thiab Southeast Asian lag luam. Tus naj npawb ntawm kev ywj pheej tiag tiag, thoob ntiaj teb- cov tuam txhab sib tw fiber ntau tuaj yeem txo qis dua kaum xyoo tom ntej txawm tias tag nrho cov khoom ntim tau nce.

 

Qhov tseeb tseem ceeb

 

Cov fibers tseem ceeb tsawg dua li cov neeg xav. Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb tau sib koom ua ke ntau heev -ib lub npe- hom G.657.A2 fiber ntau ua tau zoo ib yam li lwm yam hauv tib hom qauv. Qhov sib txawv tshwm sim hauv kev tsim kho cable, connector zoo, thiab kev txhawb nqa installation.

Yog tias koj tab tom siv FTTH kev tsim kho thiab kev nyuaj siab tshaj qhov chaw tsim khoom fiber ntau los ntawm, koj tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua qhov tsis sib xws. Siv lub zog ntawd rau kev cob qhia kev teeb tsa, cov cuab yeej sim, thiab tom qab- kev pov thawj xa mus.

Lub hauv paus tsim khoom thoob ntiaj teb txhais tau tias kev sib tw nqi thoob plaws thaj chaw. Siv qhov ntawd rau koj kom zoo dua. Tab sis nco ntsoov tias $ 50,000 kev txuag nyiaj ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau txhais tau tias tsis muaj dab tsi yog tias kev teeb tsa tsis zoo tsim lub network uas xav tau $ 200,000 hauv kev kho mob hauv peb xyoos.

Lub iav nws tus kheej tau txais qhov tseem ceeb commoditized. Txhua yam nyob ib puag ncig nws tseem tseem ceeb heev.