Fiber transceiver hom tswj cov wavelength sib txawv

 

Fiber transceiver hom ua haujlwm ntawm cov wavelengths tshwj xeeb- feem ntau 850nm, 1310nm, thiab 1550nm-txhua qhov ua tau zoo rau qhov sib txawv sib kis thiab hom fiber ntau. Nkag siab txog yuav ua li cas fiber ntau transceiver hom tswj kev xaiv wavelength txiav txim siab txog lub teeb liab, kev sib haum xeeb hauv vaj tse, thiab daim ntawv thov tsim nyog.

Qhov no wavelength tshwj xeeb muaj tshwm sim vim hais tias optical fibers qhia txawv attenuation yam ntxwv nyob rau hauv lub infrared spectrum. Ntawm 850nm, multimode fiber ntau tau paub txog kwv yees li 2.5dB / km ntawm cov teeb liab poob, thaum ib zaug -hom fiber ntau ntawm 1550nm ua tiav qis li 0.3dB/km- qhov sib txawv uas txhais tau ntau pua mais hauv kev muaj peev xwm kis tau tus mob.

 

 

Standard Wavelength Pawg thiab lawv daim ntawv thov

 

Peb lub wavelength bands tswj hwm kev sib txuas lus fiber ntau, thiab ntau hom fiber ntau transceiver ua haujlwm sib txawv raws li lub cev thiab kev lag luam.

850nm: luv-Txuas mus txog Multimode Transmission

Lub 850nm wavelength powers luv luv-kev sib txuas nyob deb hauv cov chaw zov me nyuam thiab kev lag luam network. Cov transceivers no siv multimode fiber ntau nrog cov tub ntxhais txoj kab uas hla ntawm 50 lossis 62.5 microns, tso cai rau ntau hom teeb pom kev zoo ib txhij.

Kev muaj peev xwm nyob deb txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tus nqi. 1Gbps SFP modules ncav cuag 550 meters ntawm OM2 multimode fiber ntau, thaum 10Gbps SFP + modules xa mus txog 300 meters ntawm OM3, thiab 100Gbps QSFP28 modules tswj 100 meters ntawm OM4. Cov ntaub ntawv ntau dua compress kis nrug deb vim hais tias modal dispersion -kev sib kis ntawm lub teeb pulses hla ntau txoj kev nthuav tawm - txwv bandwidth- cov khoom nyob deb.

Kev lag luam nyiam 850nm rau luv luv txuas. LED thiab VCSEL (Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser) cov teeb pom kev zoo raug nqi tsawg dua li DFB lasers xav tau rau lub wavelengths ntev dua. Ntawm cov fiber ntau transceiver, ib txwm 850nm SFP yuav raug nqi $ 15-25, thaum qhov sib npaug 1310nm khiav $ 40-60. Qhov zoo ntawm tus nqi no ua rau 850nm tus qauv rau kev sib txuas ntawm khib-rau-rack qhov chaw nyob deb li ntawm 500 meters.

Kub stability poses lub ntsiab technical challenge. VCSELs hloov wavelength tso zis raws li qhov kub thiab txias hloov, muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntxiv hauv ntau hom fiber ntau. Kev lag luam- qib 850nm transceivers (-40℃txog 85 degree) yuav tsum suav rau qhov drift no, thaum coj mus muag-qib units (0℃txog 70 degree) ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig tswj.

1310nm: Nruab nrab-Reach Versatility

Lub 1310nm wavelength ua haujlwm ua haujlwm rau kev sib txuas hauv tsev kawm ntawv, lub nroog nkag mus rau lub nplhaib, thiab nruab nrab - thauj mus los. Qhov wavelength no ua haujlwm ntawm ob qho tib si - hom thiab multimode fiber ntau, txawm tias ib qho - hom dominates rau qhov deb tshaj 2km.

Fiber attenuation ntawm 1310nm ntsuas kwv yees li 0.4dB/km ntawm tus qauv OS1/OS2 ib leeg- hom fiber ntau. Lub transceiver nrog -3dBm xa hluav taws xob thiab -20dBm receiver rhiab heev muab 17dB ntawm kev sib txuas pob nyiaj siv, txhawb nqa kwv yees li 40km tom qab accounting rau connector poob thiab cov kab ke.

Chromatic dispersion-kev sib kis ntawm lub teeb pulses vim wavelength -nyob ntawm kev nthuav dav nrawm- mus txog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus nyob ib ncig ntawm 1310nm hauv tus qauv ib zaug - hom fiber ntau. Qhov "zero-dispersion" point no tso cai rau 10Gbps NRZ cov teeb liab mus rau 40km yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cuam tshuam. Ntawm 1550nm, tib lub teeb liab yuav xav tau kev sib cais -pab fiber ntau lossis kev hloov kho siab tshaj li 20km.

Feem ntau 1310nm daim ntawv thov suav nrog FTTx kev xa tawm (fiber rau hauv tsev, tsev, lossis kev txwv), qhov kev ncua deb feem ntau yog 10-20km. PON (Passive Optical Network) cov tshuab feem ntau siv 1310nm rau cov tsheb thauj mus los, ua ke nrog 1490nm lossis 1550nm downstream wavelengths hauv BiDi teeb tsa.

1310nm band kuj txhawb CWDM (Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing) raws ntawm 1270nm txog 1330nm nrog 20nm qhov sib txawv. Cov coloured transceivers no tso cai rau ntau qhov sib txuas sib txuas ntawm ib khub fiber ntau, ua kom muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj peev xwm ntau yam tsis tau tso cov kab txuas ntxiv.

1550nm: Ntev -Haul Transmission Backbone

Lub 1550nm wavelength ua tiav qhov qis tshaj attenuation nyob rau hauv optical fiber-nyob ib ncig ntawm 0.3dB/km ntawm standard single-mode thiab tsawg li 0.2dB/km ntawm kev txhim kho qis-tsis fiber ntau. Qhov zoo ntawm lub cev no ua rau 1550nm qhov kev xaiv tshwj xeeb rau kev ncua deb tshaj 40km.

Ntev- ncav cuag daim ntawv thov txuas ntxiv los ntawm 40km txog 80km nrog cov qauv transceivers, thaum txuas ntxiv -nce thiab ultra-ntev-reach variants npog 120km txog 160km. Cov kev txuas ntev dua no yuav tsum tau siab dua - zoo DFB (Distributed Feedback) lasers uas tuav nqaim spectral dav -feem ntau nyob rau hauv 1nm- kom txo tau chromatic dispersion cuam tshuam.

C-band (1530-1565nm) nyob ib puag ncig 1550nm yog lub hauv paus rau DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) systems. DWDM raws qhov chaw nruj li 50GHz (0.4nm) sib nrug, tso cai rau 40, 80, lossis txawm tias 96 wavelengths sib koom ua ke ntawm ib qho fiber ntau. A 100Gbps coherent DWDM transceiver ua haujlwm nyob ib puag ncig 1550nm tuaj yeem xa 1,000km lossis ntau dua nrog qhov tsim nyog amplification.

Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs) ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv C-band thiab L-band (1565-1625nm), ua kom pom qhov muag pom tsis muaj hluav taws xob rov ua dua tshiab. Qhov kev muaj peev xwm no ua rau 1550nm tsuas yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau submarine cables thiab kev sib txuas hauv lub teb chaws qaum teb qhov twg inline amplification txhua 80-100km txuas ntxiv mus txog ntau txhiab kilometers.

Dispersion them nyiaj dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 1550nm. Tus qauv ib zaug - hom fiber ntau nthuav tawm kwv yees li 17 ps / (nm·km) ntawm chromatic dispersion ntawm no wavelength. Lub teeb liab 10Gbps nrog 0.4nm spectral dav sib sau ua ke 68ps ntawm dispersion tshaj 10km- txaus ua rau inter- cim cuam tshuam yam tsis tau them nyiaj lossis kev hloov kho siab.

 

Bidirectional thiab WDM Transceiver Technologies

 

Hom fiber ntau transceiver siv cais fibers rau kev xa thiab tau txais kev ua haujlwm. BiDi (Bidirectional) thiab WDM thev naus laus zis hloov cov qauv no los ntawm kev xa ntau lub wavelengths hla ib leeg fiber ntau.

BiDi Transceiver Wavelength Pairs

BiDi transceivers integrate WDM coupler uas cais cov kis tau tus mob thiab tau txais wavelengths mus txawv tebchaws cov lus qhia ntawm ib fiber. Cov khub wavelength feem ntau suav nrog 1310nm / 1490nm rau luv mus rau nruab nrab nrug (10-40km) thiab 1490nm / 1550nm rau ntev mus txog (40-80km).

Lub transceiver ntawm point A kis ntawm 1310nm thaum tau txais ntawm 1490nm. Point B's transceiver ua qhov thim rov qab- kis ntawm 1490nm thiab tau txais ntawm 1310nm. Qhov kev sib tw no - khub txoj hauv kev yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo npaj kev xa tawm txij li kev sib xyaw ua ke tsis sib haum xeeb ua rau qhov sib txuas.

BiDi thev naus laus zis ua ob npaug ntawm cov peev txheej fiber ntau yam tsis tau txhim kho cov kab txuas ntxiv. A 12-strand fiber ntau pob uas ib txwm txhawb nqa 6 duplex txuas tam sim no tuaj yeem txhawb nqa 12 BiDi kev sib txuas. Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv cov ntaub ntawv siv qhov kom zoo dua no los tiv thaiv kev tsim cov fiber ntau kim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam hauv nroog.

Lub ntsiab kev sib tw muaj xws li kev sib cais wavelength. Lub WDM txuas yuav tsum muab yam tsawg kawg 15-20dB ntawm kev sib cais ntawm kev xa mus thiab tau txais txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv teeb meem cuam tshuam. Cov khoom siv qis qis ua rau cov lus sib tham uas ua rau cov nqi yuam kev me ntsis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siab dua qhov twg lub sij hawm sib tw nruj.

25G SFP28 BiDi modules tsis ntev los no tau nkag mus rau kev tsim khoom siv 1270nm / 1330nm wavelength khub dhau ib zaug - hom fiber ntau rau 10km kis. Cov transceivers no txhawb nqa 5G fronthaul thiab nruab nrab- cov ntawv thov thauj khoom uas muaj fiber ntau txwv kev nthuav dav network tab sis bandwidth xav tau nce ntxiv.

CWDM Channel Organization

CWDM transceivers ua haujlwm hla 18 tus qauv wavelengths los ntawm 1270nm txog 1610nm nrog raws nraim 20nm sib nrug. Kev tsim channel ua raws li ITU-T G.694.2 cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb, suav nrog raws li 1270, 1290, 1310... txog 1610.

Txhua CWDM channel ua haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej, nqa cov txheej txheem lossis cov ntaub ntawv tus nqi ntawm 1Gbps txog 100Gbps. Network designers muab cov wavelengths tshwj xeeb rau cov tsheb sib txawv -1310nm rau cov ntaub ntawv lag luam, 1470nm rau replication replication, 1550nm rau backup circuits-tag nrho cov sib koom ib tug fiber ntau khub.

Txuas cov peev nyiaj sib txawv los ntawm wavelength vim sib txawv fiber ntau attenuation profiles. Lub 1310nm CWDM channel tau ntsib 0.4dB/km poob, thaum lub 1610nm channel pom 0.4-0.5dB/km. Kev nqus dej peaks nyob ib ncig ntawm 1383nm keeb kwm txwv qhov "dej ncov" channel, txawm tias qis -water-peak (LWP) fiber ntau tshem tawm qhov kev txwv no hauv kev xa tawm niaj hnub no.

CWDM thev naus laus zis yuav tsum muaj kev tswj lub wavelength tsawg dua li DWDM, txo cov nqi transceiver ntau. 10G CWDM SFP + yuav raug nqi $80-120 piv rau $300-500 rau qhov sib npaug DWDM. Qhov kev lag luam no ua rau CWDM txaus nyiam rau cov kev sib txuas hauv metro uas hla 40-60km nrog 4-8 wavelength yuav tsum.

Kub drift ua rau muaj kev sib tw tswj tau. CWDM laser wavelengths tuaj yeem hloov ± 2-3nm hla kev ua haujlwm kub. Lub 20nm channel qhov sib nrug muab kev tiv thaiv txaus los tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab uas nyob ib sab txawm tias nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej phem tshaj plaws.

DWDM Precision Wavelength Control

DWDM transceivers ua haujlwm nrog kev sib zog ua haujlwm ntev dua, feem ntau nyob hauv ± 0.05nm (± 6.25GHz) ntawm lawv cov channel ITU. C-band haum 88 raws ntawm 50GHz qhov sib nrug (0.4nm) lossis 44 raws ntawm 100GHz qhov sib nrug (0.8nm).

Channel zaus tau txais cov qauv tsim: Channel 20 zaum ntawm 1561.42nm (192.0 THz), Channel 30 ntawm 1553.33nm (193.0 THz), thiab lwm yam. Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv lub network xaiv cov channel tshwj xeeb raws li amplifier profiles, cov txheej txheem uas twb muaj lawm, thiab cov yam ntxwv dispersion.

Kub stabilization yuav tsum tau ua rau DWDM transceivers. Integrated thermoelectric coolers (TECs) tswj lub laser tuag ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tsis hais qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig. Qhov kev tswj xyuas thermal no ntxiv $ 100-200 rau ib lub transceiver tab sis ua kom qhov tseeb wavelength txaus rau 50GHz channel sib nrug.

Tunable DWDM transceivers tshem tawm tas -wavelength inventory management. Ib lub transceiver ib leeg tuaj yeem hloov mus thoob 40-96 ITU raws, los ntawm kev tswj software lossis cov khoom siv sab nraud. Tunable thev naus laus zis raug nqi 2-3x ntau dua li qhov ntev wavelength, tab sis kev ua haujlwm yooj yim ua kom pom tseeb tus nqi rau cov tswv yim spare thiab cov xwm txheej ceev ceev.

Kev nce qib tsis ntev los no hauv silicon photonics tau txo DWDM transceiver zog noj thaum nce kev sib xyaw ua ke. A 400G DWDM QSFP-DD module kos 14W-ib nrab lub zog ntawm yav dhau los-tiam kev siv tsis sib xws-thaum txhawb kev sib kis mus txog 80km nrog rau kev kho qhov yuam kev.

 

 

Cov txheej txheem xaiv Wavelength rau txawv Scenarios

 

Kev xaiv ntawm fiber ntau transceiver hom thiab lawv cov wavelengths suav nrog ntsuas qhov kev ncua deb, fiber ntau infrastructure, cov ntaub ntawv tus nqi, thiab kev txwv nyiaj txiag.

nrug -Kev xaiv tsav

Rau kev sib txuas hauv qab 500 meters, 850nm multimode transceivers muab tus nqi zoo tshaj -kev ua tau zoo piv. Ib yam 10GBASE-SR SFP+ raug nqi $25-40 thiab ua haujlwm nrog OM3/OM4 multimode infrastructure uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov chaw zov me nyuam thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv network.

Qhov ntev ntawm 500m mus rau 10km feem ntau xav tau 1310nm ib zaug - hom kev xaiv ntawm cov muaj fiber ntau transceiver hom. Cov nruab nrab -mus txog cov modules raug nqi $50-100 nyob ntawm seb cov ntaub ntawv tus nqi thiab cov yam ntxwv teeb tsa. Lub tsev- mus rau kev sib txuas hauv tsev, kev faib tawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, thiab kev siv metro nkag tau ua haujlwm feem ntau ntawm 1310nm vim qhov sib npaug ntawm tus nqi zoo, cov yam ntxwv sib txawv, thiab muaj.

Tshaj li 10km, kev xaiv wavelength nyob ntawm seb puas xav tau kev nthuav dav. Unamplified txuas los ntawm 10-40km ua haujlwm zoo ntawm 1310nm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev lag luam kev lag luam uas yooj yim teeb meem. Rau kev ncua deb tshaj 40km, 1550nm yuav tsum tau ua kom qis qis qis thiab pab kom EDFA amplification yog qhov txuas txuas mus dhau 80km.

Fiber Infrastructure Constraints

Cov txheej txheem fiber ntau uas twb muaj lawm feem ntau hais txog kev xaiv wavelength ntawm cov muaj fiber ntau transceiver hom. Legacy multimode installations txwv cov kev xaiv rau 850nm transceivers, txawm hais tias ncav cuag tseem txwv. Kev xa tawm 1310nm ib leeg-mode transceivers ntawm multimode fiber ntau ua haujlwm nyob deb heev (hauv qab 100m) tab sis ua rau ib qho -mode transceiver qhov muaj peev xwm nyob deb.

Fiber suav suav muaj cuam tshuam rau BiDi thiab WDM saws. Cov tes hauj lwm uas tsis tshua muaj fiber ntau- muaj ntau nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam metro uas muaj qhov txwv tsis pub muaj qhov sib txuas- tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm BiDi thev naus laus zis uas ua kom muaj peev xwm ob npaug ntawm ib qho fiber ntau. Ib qho chaw nrog 6 fiber ntau khub tuaj yeem txhawb nqa 12 qhov kev sib txuas duplex siv BiDi transceivers es tsis txhob siv cov qauv qub.

CWDM thiab DWDM dhau los ua tus nqi- zoo thaum ntxiv 4 lossis ntau dua kev sib txuas ntawm fiber ntau uas twb muaj lawm. Tus nqi nce ntxiv ntawm cov xim transceivers thiab passive multiplexers khiav $ 500-1,500 ib lub wavelength, deb ntawm $ 50,000-500,000 tus nqi ntawm kev txhim kho fiber ntau txoj hauv kev hauv nroog.

Raws tu qauv thiab cov ntaub ntawv tus nqi Factors

Cov ntaub ntawv siab dua feem ntau tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm luv luv wavelengths luv luv -mus txog daim ntawv thov. 100G thiab 400G cov ntaub ntawv chaw sib txuas siv 850nm PAM4 signaling hla multimode fiber ntau rau kev sib txuas hauv qab 150 meters. Qhov dav bandwidth ntawm multimode fiber ntau ntawm 850nm haum rau cov ntsiab lus spectral ntxiv ntawm PAM4 modulation.

Ntev - ncav cuag siab - cov kev sib txuas ceev siv cov kev sib txuas lus zoo sib xws ntawm 1550nm. A 400G-ZR transceiver kis tshaj 120km siv dual-polarization 16QAM coherent detection, uas yuav tsum tau poob qis ntawm 1550nm ua ke nrog DWDM wavelength precision rau multiplex ntau 400G raws ntawm ib khub fiber ntau.

Fiber Channel cia network feem ntau siv 850nm rau kev sib txuas luv luv hauv cov ntaub ntawv chaw thiab 1310nm rau kev sib tshuam -chaw cia replication. Lub ecosystem tsim ntawm Fiber Channel keyboards thiab host bus adapters txhawb cov fiber transceiver hom nrog validated interoperability.

 

Kev Lag Luam Dynamics thiab Technology Trends

 

Kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb optical transceiver tau mus txog $ 12.6-13.6 billion hauv 2024 thiab cov phiaj xwm rau $ 25-42 billion los ntawm 2030-2033, xav txog 13-16% kev loj hlob txhua xyoo. Cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv suav txog kwv yees li 61% ntawm kev thov transceiver, ua raws li kev siv xov tooj.

Tib- hom fiber ntau transceivers yog tus thawj tswj hwm nrog 57% kev ua lag luam sib koom, tau tsav los ntawm kev nce mus txog qhov yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si hyperscale cov ntaub ntawv chaw (rau inter- chaw txuas) thiab xov tooj sib txuas (rau 5G fronthaul thiab metro aggregation). Multimode transceivers tuav 43% sib koom tab sis loj hlob qeeb dua ntawm 13-15% CAGR piv rau ib hom kev loj hlob 14-16%.

Kev hloov mus rau 400G thiab 800G transceivers nrawm nrawm nrawm nrawm dua . 800G modules siv 8 kab ntawm 100G PAM4 signaling, feem ntau ntawm 850nm rau luv ncav cuag lossis sib txuas 1550nm rau kev ncua ntev. Kev lag luam kwv yees cia siab tias 800G transceiver xa khoom tuaj yeem nce 60% hauv 2025, feem ntau rau AI kev cob qhia pawg thiab cov huab cua sib cuam tshuam.

Silicon photonics thev naus laus zis txo cov nqi transceiver thaum txhim kho kev ua haujlwm. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag ntawm silicon wafers leverages semiconductor manufacturing kev lag luam ntawm nplai, muaj peev xwm poob 400G transceiver tus nqi qis dua $ 500 los ntawm 2026-ib theem uas ua rau 400G sib tw nrog 100G rau kev xa tawm tshiab.

MWDM (Medium Wavelength Division Multiplexing) tau tshwm sim hauv 2024 rau 5G tes hauj lwm, siv 12 wavelengths los ntawm 1267.5nm mus rau 1374.5nm nrog 3.5nm thiab 7nm sib nrug. Cov transceivers no cais qhov sib txawv ntawm CWDM qhov dav dav thiab DWDM qhov sib nrug nqaim, ua kom zoo dua tus nqi thiab cov channel suav rau cov ntawv thov pem hauv ntej xav tau 6-12 wavelengths tshaj 10km nrug.

Co-packaged optics (CPO) sawv cev rau pem hauv ntej pem hauv ntej, tso transceivers ncaj qha rau ntawm silicon hloov es tsis yog siv pluggable modules. Qhov kev sib koom ua ke no txo ​​qis kev siv hluav taws xob los ntawm 30-40% thaum txhim kho teeb liab kev ncaj ncees. Thawj CPO xa tawm lub hom phiaj 51.2Tbps thiab 102.4Tbps hloov cov ntaub ua haujlwm ntawm 800G thiab 1.6T ib qhov chaw nres nkoj, qhov twg cov tsoos pluggable transceiver thermal dissipation tsim teeb meem tsim.

 

Kev xav txog kev siv

 

Kev ua tiav wavelength xa mus yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib rau ntau yam kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm.

Kev suav nyiaj siv hluav taws xob kho qhov muag

Txhua qhov txuas fiber ntau xav tau cov peev nyiaj kho qhov muag txaus - qhov sib txawv ntawm lub tshuab xa hluav taws xob tso tawm hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv tau txais txiaj ntsig - kom kov yeej fiber ntau poob, qhov sib txuas poob, thiab tswj cov kab ke.

Kev suav cov qauv: A 1310nm LR transceiver kis ntawm -3dBm thiab tau txais ntawm -20dBm, muab 17dB ntawm cov peev nyiaj txuas. Tshaj 35km ntawm fiber ntau (0.4dB/km × 35km=14dB), ntxiv ob connectors (0.5dB txhua) thiab 3dB system margin tag nrho 18dB. Qhov txuas no ua tsis tau raws li qhov xwm txheej phem tshaj plaws.

Kev hloov kho mus rau 1550nm ER transceiver nrog -1dBm xa hluav taws xob thiab -24dBm receiver rhiab heev yields 23dB pob nyiaj siv. Tib qhov txuas 35km tam sim no muaj cov npoo txaus: 35km × 0.3dB/km + 1dB connectors + 3dB margin=14.5dB, tawm 8.5dB cia rau fiber ntau aging thiab kub variations.

Wavelength Compatibility Requirements

Kev sib txuas ncaj qha transceivers yuav tsum ua haujlwm ntawm tib lub wavelengths tshwj tsis yog hauv BiDi teeb tsa. Lub 1310nm transceiver tsis tuaj yeem sib txuas lus nrog 1550nm transceiver txawm tias ob leeg siv ib zaug -mode fiber- tus txais photodiode yuav tsis pom qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm wavelength zoo.

CWDM thiab DWDM systems xav tau wavelength -match transceivers thiab configured multiplexers kom raug. 1470nm CWDM transceiver yuav tsum txuas mus rau 1470nm chaw nres nkoj ntawm lub multiplexer. Kev sib txuas tsis zoo ntawm lub wavelengths ua rau lub teeb liab raug lim tawm es tsis yog kis.

BiDi transceivers tuaj nyob rau hauv kev sib tw ua khub sau npe "A" thiab "B" lossis "sab sauv" thiab "kem". A- sab yuav xa 1310nm / txais 1490nm, thaum B- sab xa 1490nm / txais 1310nm. Kev txhim kho ob lub A-sab transceivers tsim ib qho kev sib txuas tsis yog- ua haujlwm qhov twg ob qho tib si xa tawm ntawm tib lub wavelength.

Ib puag ncig kev ua haujlwm ntau yam

Transceiver ib puag ncig specifications txiav txim siab deployment haum. Kev lag luam- qib modules (0-70 degree) ua haujlwm hauv huab cua-cov chaw tswj cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov chaw ua haujlwm hauv nruab nrab. Industrial-grade transceivers (-40 txog 85 degree) tuav cov khoom sab nraum zoov, cov xov tooj ntawm tes, thiab cov chaw tsim khoom hnyav.

Txuas ntxiv -kub transceivers raug nqi 30-50% ntau dua li cov khoom lag luam sib npaug. Rau 10G SFP + BiDi module, cia siab tias $ 60-80 qib kev lag luam piv rau $ 90-120 qib kev lag luam. Tus nqi hwm yuav kev ua haujlwm kev ntseeg siab thoob plaws qhov kub thiab txias uas yuav ua rau kev lag luam transceivers kaw lossis tsim kom raug.

Wavelength stability nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias ntau yam tseem ceeb rau DWDM tshaj CWDM. DWDM transceiver yuav tsum tuav nws ITU channel nyob rau hauv ± 0.05nm nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev khiav hauj lwm ntau yam, yuav tsum tau active kub them. CWDM's ± 2-3nm wavelength drift ntog nyob rau hauv 20nm channel qhov sib nrug, yog li kev tswj xyuas thermal tsis txaus.

 

Cov lus nug nquag

 

Kuv puas tuaj yeem siv qhov sib txawv wavelength transceivers ntawm tib lub fiber ntau?

Tsis yog, rau qhov taw tes ncaj qha - rau - taw tes txuas. Ob qhov kawg yuav tsum siv tib lub wavelengths-1310nm rau 1310nm lossis 1550nm txog 1550nm. Qhov tsuas yog qhov tshwj xeeb yog BiDi thev naus laus zis, uas txhob txwm siv cov wavelengths sib txawv ntawm cov lus qhia (xws li 1310nm ib txoj kev, 1490nm lwm txoj kev). Rau CWDM lossis DWDM systems nrog multiplexers, koj tuaj yeem khiav ntau lub wavelengths ntawm tib lub fiber ntau, tab sis txhua tus khub wavelength tseem yuav tsum sib phim ntawm ob qho kawg.

Vim li cas 850nm muaj luv dua li 1310nm lossis 1550nm?

Optical fiber attenuates lub teeb ntau dua ntawm luv wavelengths. Ntawm 850nm, multimode fiber poob kwv yees li 2.5dB ib kilometer, thaum tib - hom fiber ntau ntawm 1310nm poob txog 0.4dB/km thiab 1550nm fiber ntau poob tsuas yog 0.3dB/km. Tshaj 10km, qhov txawv yog loj: 25dB ntawm 850nm piv rau 3dB ntawm 1550nm. Tsis tas li ntawd, 850nm siv multimode fiber ntau uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm modal dispersion uas txwv qhov deb thiab bandwidth.

Kuv yuav ua li cas thiaj paub yog tias kuv cov fiber ntau uas twb muaj lawm txhawb cov wavelength sib txawv?

Tshawb xyuas hom fiber ntau ua ntej. Multimode fiber ntau (OM1, OM2, OM3, OM4) tsuas yog ua haujlwm nrog 850nm transceivers rau qhov ua tau zoo. Tib - hom fiber ntau (OS1, OS2) txhawb nqa 1310nm thiab 1550nm wavelengths. Yog tias koj muaj ib qho - hom fiber ntau ntsia, koj tuaj yeem hloov ntawm 1310nm thiab 1550nm transceivers dawb li ntev li ob qho tib si xaus. Legacy fiber ntsia ua ntej 2000 tej zaum yuav muaj "dej ncov" nyob ib ncig ntawm 1383nm uas thaiv CWDM raws nyob rau hauv qhov ntau.

Yuav ua li cas yog tias kuv yuam kev sib xyaw wavelength?

Qhov txuas tsis tsim lossis ua haujlwm nrog tus nqi siab me ntsis yuam kev. Photodiode receivers optimize rau tej wavelength ranges -a 1310nm receiver muaj tsis zoo rhiab heev ntawm 1550nm thiab yuav luag tsis teb ntawm 850nm. Hauv CWDM / DWDM systems nrog multiplexers, kev sib txuas tsis raug wavelength tsuas lim tawm cov teeb liab. BiDi mismatches ua rau ob qho tib si transceivers kis tau tab sis tsis tau txais, ua rau kev sib txuas lus tsis tiav.

 

Technical Evolution hauv Wavelength Siv

 

Kev lag luam txuas ntxiv thawb thaj tsam wavelength los ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab hauv cov ntaub ntawv, kev hloov pauv, thiab kev koom ua ke uas cuam tshuam rau hom fiber ntau transceiver.

Quantum dot lasers pab kom dav qhov kub thiab txias yam tsis muaj kev ua kom txias, uas tuaj yeem txo cov nqi DWDM transceiver. Cov qauv tsim thaum ntxov ua kom pom kev ruaj khov nyob hauv ± 0.1nm hla -40℃txog 85 degree, txaus rau 100GHz DWDM qhov sib nrug yam tsis muaj lub tshuab cua txias.

Hollow-core fiber ntau thev naus laus zis cog lus tias yuav kov yeej cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke-core fiber ntau qhov kev txwv tsis pub tshaj. Lab ua qauv qhia ua tiav 0.174dB/km ntawm 1550nm-txog qhov theoretical txwv ntawm 0.142dB/km. Yog tias ua lag luam, hollow-cov tub ntxhais fiber ntau tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv mus txog 100km lossis ntau dua, txo kev cia siab rau kev siv nyiaj ntau ntxiv.

O-band (1260-1360nm) transceivers tau txais kev pom zoo rau cov ntaub ntawv hauv chaw siv. Kev khiav hauj lwm ib puag ncig 1310nm zam chromatic dispersion tag nrho ntawm tus qauv ib qho - hom fiber ntau, tshem tawm DSP complexity xav tau rau C-band coherent systems. Ntau tus neeg muag khoom tau qhia txog 400G thiab 800G O-band modules hauv 2024 tsom rau 2-10km cov ntaub ntawv chaw sib cuam tshuam.

Qhov kev hloov mus tas li qhia txog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus: kev xaiv wavelength ntawm fiber ntau transceiver hom sawv cev ntau dua li cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb - nws txiav txim siab seb yuav ua li cas hauv fiber optic tes hauj lwm. Nkag siab txog cov wavelength domains thiab lawv cov lag luam tawm -offs enables network designers kom phim technology rau daim ntawv thov yuav tsum tau optimizing ob qho tib si kev ua tau zoo thiab nqi.