Fiber Optic Modules yog tsim los thoob ntiaj teb

 

Lub Shenzhen Kev muaj tiag tsis muaj leej twg tso rau hauv Kev Tshaj Tawm Kev Tshaj Tawm

 

ya mus rau hauv Shenzhen Bao'an, caij tsheb tavxij mus rau Longhua lossis Dalang, thiab koj yuav hla ntau lub chaw kho qhov muag transceiver hauv plaub caug feeb dua li muaj nyob hauv tag nrho cov teb chaws Europe ua ke. Qhov ntom yog absurd. Kuv suav kaum xya tus neeg tsim khoom SFP cais nyob rau hauv ib ob -kilometer vojvoog ntawm kuv lub tsev so thaum ib qho kev mus ncig. Kaum xya. Ib txhia tuav tag nrho cov chaw ua lag luam. Lwm tus sib koom ib pem teb ntawm ib lub tsev uas tsis muaj lus piav qhia nrog kev txhaj tshuaj molding thiab ib lub tuam txhab ua LED Christmas teeb.

Qhov no yog qhov ntim tshwm sim. Qhov chaw ntawm 60 thiab 70 feem pua ​​​​ntawm lub ntiaj teb pluggable optical transceivers nkoj los ntawm Guangdong xeev. Tus naj npawb tseeb nyob ntawm seb koj suav li cas - cov qauv ua tiav piv rau cov khoom sib dhos ua ke piv rau cov khoom siv khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob.

Cov chaw tsim khoom muaj ntau yam los ntawm lub ntiaj teb tiag tiag- kev ua haujlwm hauv chav kawm nrog Chav Kawm 10K cov chav huv huv thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuag rau cov khw uas kuv tau saib cov neeg ua haujlwm tes- tso laser diodes siv tweezers hauv qab lub tso suab microscope. Ob hom nkoj cov khoom lag luam uas dhau qhov kev ntsuas tib yam. Qhov sib txawv qhia txog kaum yim lub hlis tom qab hauv qhov kev ua tsis tiav ntawm qhov chaw, tab sis los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tus qauv yog lwm tus teeb meem.

 

Vim li cas Nyij Pooj tseem tseem ceeb dua li leej twg lees

 

Nov yog yam uas daim ntawv qhia cov saw hlau tawm tawm: cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semiconductor - qhov tseeb photon - emitting thiab photon - ntes cov khoom - tseem ntws los ntawm Nyiv.

Sumitomo Electric. Mitsubishi Electric. Lumentum cov haujlwm Japanese. Coherent's legacy II-VI fab in Toyama. Cov chaw no tsim DFB laser chips, EML transmitters, thiab siab -photodiodes ceev uas Suav assemblers tseem tsis tau replicate nyob rau theem sib npaug. Lub 1310nm uncooled EMLs khiav hauv koj tus hyperscaler's 400G-DR4 modules? Nyuaj heev Japanese silicon. Lub siab-lub zog twj tso kua mis lasers hauv koj lub EDFAs? Nyiv. Lub avalanche photodiodes hauv koj OTDR? Nyiv.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv science yog tiag tiag. Loj hlob indium phosphide epitaxial txheej nrog qhov sib xws uas yuav tsum tau muaj rau siab - tawm los DFB gratings yuav tsum tau ntau xyoo ntawm kev paub hauv tsev kawm ntawv uas tsis hloov ntawm IP tau txais lossis ntiav engineers. MOCVD reactor zaub mov txawv yog tus tswv ntawm cov roj ntws thiab cov ntsuas kub. Cov kev paub tsis meej nyob hauv lub taub hau ntawm cov txheej txheem engineers uas tau khiav cov cuab yeej tib yam li nees nkaum xyoo.

Kuv siv peb hnub ntawm Japanese laser fab ib zaug. Saib tus kws tshaj lij tsis lees paub tag nrho cov wafer vim tias lub photoluminescence spectrum pom 2nm wavelength hloov ntawm lub hom phiaj. Ob nanometers. Lub wafer tej zaum yuav muaj cov khoom siv ua haujlwm. Tab sis "functional" tsis yog qhov tshwj xeeb-"hauv spec ntawm -40℃tshaj 20 xyoo" yog qhov tshwj xeeb, thiab 2nm hloov pauv tau qhia qee yam tau drifted hauv txoj kev loj hlob.

Koj tsis tsim cov kab lis kev cai hauv tsib xyoos.

 

Cov Khoom Plhaub Game

 

Ua raws li qhov tseeb ntawm qhov "ua hauv Suav teb" optical transceiver thiab koj yuav pom cov lus qhia txog thaj chaw.

Laser diodes: Nyiv, nrog nce kev sib tw los ntawm Suav cov khoom siv hauv tsev xws li Accelink rau qis dua - qhov nrawm. Qhov kev ua tau zoo sib txawv ntawm 25G PAM4 thiab saum toj no tseem ceeb heev.

Tsav tsheb thiab TIA kev sib xyaw ua ke: Taiwan tau tswj hwm los ntawm TSMC's photonics - cov txheej txheem nyob ib sab thiab cov tsev tsim tsis zoo hauv Hsinchu. Semtech, Macom, thiab Broadcom txhua daim kab xev tawm muaj. Tuam Tshoj tau sim tsim cov kev hloov pauv hauv tsev rau ib xyoo caum nrog kev ua tiav tsawg kawg nkaus - cov cuab yeej EDA ib leeg tsim cov hlua txuas ntxiv.

Optical isolators thiab circulators: Feem ntau Suav tam sim no. Casix, Agiltron cov haujlwm hauv Suav teb, thiab kaum ob tus neeg ua si me hauv Fuzhou tau tsim cov khoom siv no. Qhov zoo yog zoo rau datacom.

Fiber array units thiab ferrules: Japanese precision manufacturing tseem ua rau nruj - kam rau ua MT ferrules. Cov neeg muag khoom hauv Suav teb tuav ntim ntawm tus qauv LC / SC connectors.

Ceramic pob thiab submounts: Sib cais ntawm cov kws tshaj lij Nyij Pooj xws li Kyocera thiab Suav ntim cov tuam txhab. Cov kev cai tswj xyuas thermal rau siab - lub zog xa hluav taws xob tseem nyiam cov khoom siv Japanese.

PCBs thiab flex circuits: Taiwan thiab Tuam Tshoj av loj, nrog rau qee qhov tshwj xeeb siab -frequency boards los ntawm Japanese cov neeg muag khoom.

 

Lub Tariff Scramble

 

Cov tariffs 2018 tau hloov kho qhov kev lag luam tsim thaj chaw hauv txoj hauv kev uas tseem tab tom ua si.

Ua ntej Tshooj 301, kev suav yog yooj yim: tsim khoom hauv Suav teb rau tus nqi, nkoj mus rau lub ntiaj teb. Hyperscalers thiab cov lag luam yuav los ntawm kev faib khoom lossis ncaj qha, them tus nqi Tuam Tshoj, thiab tsis xav ntau txog lub teb chaws ntawm keeb kwm.

Tom qab ntawd 25% tariffs tsaws. Dheev txhua tus neeg saib xyuas kev yuav khoom xav tau kom nkag siab qhov sib txawv ntawm HTS cov lej, cov cai hloov pauv ntau, thiab qhov twg yog "kev tsim khoom" piv rau "kev sib sau" hauv lub qhov muag ntawm CBP.

Thawj lo lus teb yog chaos. Kuv paub cov tuam txhab uas hais lus huab cua- thauj khoom ib feem sib sau ua ke rau Mexico rau qhov kawg kitting, daig "Tsev nyob rau hauv Mexico" cov ntawv lo rau ntawm lawv, thiab vam tias yuav tsis suav cov nqi se. Ib txhia tau nrog nws mus. Ib txhia tsis tau. Txoj cai tswjfwm yog-thiab tseem nyob -tsis sib haum.

Cov neeg ua si zoo tshaj plaws tau tsim muaj kev tsim khoom tiag tiag hauv cov nqi tariff-cov chaw phooj ywg. Nyab Laj nyiam kev nqis peev tseem ceeb. Malaysia tau khaws qee qhov dej ntws. Thaib tau txais ob peb txoj haujlwm. Innolight qhib qhov chaw hauv Tijuana. FS tsim tawm Mexican peev.

Tab sis ntawm no yog qhov tsis muaj leej twg hais txog: cov khoom siv sib txuas tsis tau txav mus. Lub laser diodes tseem tuaj ntawm Nyiv. Cov tsav tsheb ICs tseem tuaj ntawm Taiwan. Lub passive optics tseem tuaj ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Kev ua lub rooj sib txoos zaum kawg hauv Nyab Laj tsis tshem tawm Tuam Tshoj raug tawm tsam - nws tsuas yog ntxiv kev thauj mus los thiab ua raws li kev mob taub hau.

Cov hyperscalers kawm nyob nrog nws. Lawv muaj pab pawg yuav khoom uas tsis ua dab tsi tab sis tswj hwm tus nqi tariff. Cov neeg yuav khoom me me tau nyem.

 

Dab tsi tshwm sim hauv chav huv huv

 

Feem ntau cov ntsiab lus optical transceiver koj yuav nyeem glosses dhau ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Glossy Hoobkas ncig saib yeeb yaj duab qhia robots thiab gleaming khoom. Qhov tseeb yog qhov nyuaj dua.

Kev sib txuas tuag: Lub laser lossis VCSEL nti tau txuas rau lub submount siv eutectic solder-feem ntau kub-tin ntawm 280℃- lossis conductive epoxy. Qhov tseeb ntawm qhov chaw yog qhov tseem ceeb. Rau ntug -emitting lasers, koj xav tau lateral alignment nyob rau hauv ob peb microns mus ntaus lub fiber core. Rau VCSELs tham nrog multimode fiber ntau, kam rau ua yog looser tab sis koj tab tom tso ntau emitters hauv ib qho array.

Kuv tau saib cov neeg ua haujlwm paub txog kev ntaus thawj - kis tau tshaj 95% ntawm kev sib txuas tuag. Kuv kuj tau saib cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis tshua muaj kev puas tsuaj kim laser bars los ntawm overheating lawv thaum reflow. Qhov sib txawv yog kov, qauv paub, paub thaum lub vuam sib koom ua ke zoo li yog thaum muaj qee yam yuam kev.

Hlau sib txuas: Kub los yog txhuas hlau txuas cov tuag rau hauv cov kab hluav taws xob. Rau RF-kev sib txuas tseem ceeb- siab- ceev teeb liab txoj hauv kev los ntawm tus tsav tsheb mus rau kev hloov pauv- koj siv ribbon bonding los txo qhov inductance. Cov hlau bonds zoo li tsis tseem ceeb tab sis lawv yog ib qho kev txwv loj. Ib daim ntawv cog lus tsis sib haum, ib lub voj tsis raug uas luv rau cov kab tom ntej, thiab cov qauv ua tsis tiav qhov kev xeem zaum kawg.

Fiber txuas: Tau txais lub teeb los ntawm lub laser rau hauv fiber ntau yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov tseeb uas ciam teb rau ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Cov kab ke ua haujlwm nquag tsav cov fiber ntau mus rau txoj haujlwm uas ua kom muaj zog ua ke, ces UV- kho epoxy khov txhua yam hauv qhov chaw. Lub epoxy shrinks me ntsis thaum kho. Cov txheej txheem zoo engineers them. Cov txheej txheem tsis zoo engineers xav paub yog vim li cas lawv cov txiaj ntsig tau poob.

Hermetic sealing: Siab- kev ntseeg tau modules tau muab ntim rau hauv cov nitrogen qhuav hauv lub qhov rais hlau tuaj yeem. Lub foob yuav tsum tuav 20 xyoo nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig kev lag luam. Seam welding los yog tsis kam vuam ua haujlwm. Laser vuam yog sai dua tab sis qhia txog thermal stress.

Txhua tus ntawm cov kauj ruam no tuaj yeem ua haujlwm, ib nrab -automated, lossis ua manually. Cov cuab yeej raug nqi scale raws li. Ib tug tag nrho automated 400G ntau lawm kab khiav mus rau yim daim duab. Ib txoj kab phau ntawv tuaj yeem teeb tsa rau qis dua $ 500K. Ob leeg tsim ua haujlwm modules. Qhov txawv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov sib xws, dhau mus, thiab ntev - lub sij hawm cia siab.

 

 

Kev ntsuam xyuas yog qhov twg Corners tau txiav

 

Ib qho kev kuaj pom zoo transceiver mus los ntawm ib lub gauntlet:

Parametric kuaj nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub: optical zog, extinction piv, receiver rhiab heev, qhov muag daim duab daim npog qhov ncauj ua raws. Qhov no yog rooj ceg txheem ntseeg. Txhua tus ua li no.

Kub caij tsheb kauj vab: khiav tib qhov kev xeem ntawm -40℃, +85℃, thiab ob peb lub ntsiab lus ntawm. Qhov no yog qhov uas marginal units poob. Laser qhov pib tam sim no hloov nrog kub. Thermal expansion stresses tuag bonds. Tus txais rhiab heev degrades raws li photodiode tsaus nti tam sim no nce.

Hlawv -hauv: khiav modules ntawm qhov kub siab nyob rau hauv kev khiav tsheb tsis tu ncua rau 24, 48, lossis 168 teev nyob ntawm cov neeg siv khoom xav tau. Cov me nyuam mos tuag tsis ua hauj lwm tshwm sim hauv thawj ob peb puas teev. Kev ntes lawv ua ntej xa khoom yog pheej yig dua li ntes lawv hauv cov ntaub ntawv chaw.

Ntawm no yog qhov teeb meem: kev xeem raug nqi nyiaj thiab siv sijhawm. Cov chav kub kub tsis pub dawb. Hlawv -hauv pem teb siv qhov chaw. Txhua teev ib qho module zaum hauv kev xeem yog ib teev nws tsis yog shipping.

Lub siab los txo lub sij hawm sim yog tas li. Ib qho module uas xav tau 168-teev hlawv- nyob rau hauv tab sis tau txais 24 teev xwb yuav ua haujlwm zoo. Tej zaum. Qhov kev faib tawm tsis ua haujlwm hloov pauv- hloov tsis ua haujlwm hauv koj lub Hoobkas, cov chav ua haujlwm tsis zoo ua tsis tiav hauv cov neeg siv khoom khib peb lub hlis tom qab.

Kuv tau pom qhov kev ntsuam xyuas sib txawv los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov neeg muag khoom thov cov qib zoo sib npaug. Tus neeg siv khoom spec hais tias "hluav taws-yuav tsum tau." Nws tsis tau hais tias ntev npaum li cas, lossis qhov kub thiab txias npaum li cas, lossis raws li tus qauv tsheb khiav.

Nug koj tus neeg muag khoom seb lawv qhov kev xeem ntawv pov thawj zoo li cas. Feem ntau yuav tsis teb ncaj ncees. Cov uas yuav feem ntau yog cov uas koj xav yuav los ntawm.

 

Cov Module Ua Lag Luam Ua Lag Luam

 

Cov neeg muag khoom hloov pauv loj-Cisco, Arista, Juniper- tau them tus nqi ntau heev rau lawv cov khoom lag luam kho qhov muag. Cisco-branded 100G-LR4 tej zaum yuav sau npe ntawm $3,500. Ib qho "tshaj" sib npaug los ntawm Shenzhen assembler sau $300-600.

Cov modules siv tib yam lossis ze rau - cov khoom sib xws. Lub laser diodes yog los ntawm tib lub chaw muag khoom Japanese. Cov tsav tsheb ICs yog tib yam Semtech qhov chaw. Qhov txawv yog: OEM module tau dhau los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom qhov kev pab cuam tsim nyog thiab cov module sib xws tsis tau.

Qee qhov sib xws modules ua haujlwm flawlessly rau xyoo. Qee qhov ua tsis tiav hauv txoj kev uas ntxhov siab tab sis tswj tau. Qee qhov ua tsis tiav hauv txoj hauv kev uas tshem tawm lub network ntau lawm thaum 2 AM thiab tsim cov ntiv tes- taw tes ntawm koj tus neeg muag khoom hloov pauv TAC thiab koj tus neeg muag khoom muag khoom muag.

Hom kev ua tsis tiav kuv tau pom ntau zaus: kev tswj xyuas thermal raws li kev ua haujlwm siab -bandwidth. Lub module ua haujlwm zoo hauv chav kuaj. Nws ua haujlwm zoo rau thawj lub hlis hauv kev tsim khoom. Tom qab ntawd lub caij ntuj sov hits, cov ntaub ntawv chaw khiav ob peb degrees warmer, lub module khiav 3℃kub dua li tus qauv tsim, thiab lub laser muaj hnub nyoog ntxov ntxov.

Koj tuaj yeem zam feem ntau ntawm qhov no los ntawm kev yuav khoom los ntawm cov neeg xa khoom thib peb -tus neeg muab khoom thiab ua koj tus kheej qhov kev xeem ntawv. Tus nqi txuag kev sib txuas ntau dua txhiab tus modules. Tab sis koj yuav tsum ua qhov kev sim tiag tiag, tsis yog xav tias daim ntawv spec qhia qhov tseeb.

 

 

Leej Twg Ua Dab Tsi Qhov twg: Daim Ntawv Qhia Rough

 

800G thiab CPO txhais li cas rau Geography

 

Kev hloov pauv mus rau 800G hloov pauv yam. Lub zog ceev nce. Thermal kev sib tw ntau. DSP complexity ratchets nce.

Ntawm 800G, lub teeb liab kev ncaj ncees margins yog chais - nyias. PAM4 ntawm 100+ gigabaud ib txoj kab xav tau DSP kev siv uas tsuas yog ob peb lub tuam txhab tuaj yeem ua tiav. Marvell. Broadcom. Credo. Tej zaum ib los yog ob tug neeg Suav nyob rau tiam tom ntej.

Qhov cuam tshuam: 800G consolidates tsim muaj peev xwm rau hauv tsawg txhais tes txawm tias kev sib dhos tseem faib. Koj tseem tuaj yeem tsim 800G modules hauv Shenzhen, tab sis koj tab tom yuav cov silicon los ntawm oligopoly me me ntawm cov neeg muag khoom.

Co-pob optics thawb ntxiv. Thaum lub transceiver muaj nuj nqi integrates rau hauv lub pob ASIC hloov, kev tsim hloov ntawm module factories mus rau semiconductor fabs. TSMC thiab Intel dhau los ua lub hauv paus, tsis yog Longhua industrial park.

Qhov no yog xyoo dhau los ntawm kev xa tawm tseem ceeb. Tab sis nws los. Thiab nws yuav restructure leej twg ua dab tsi nyob rau hauv txoj kev uas tseem tsis tau pom tseeb.

 

Cov lus qhia tswv yim rau cov neeg uas yuav cov khoom no

 

Yog tias koj siv ntau txhiab modules hauv ib xyoos:

Tsim nyog rau ntau tus neeg xa khoom. Qhov xwm txheej tariff tuaj yeem hloov pauv. Cov neeg muag khoom tuaj yeem tawm hauv kev ua lag luam. Ib leeg - qhov kev pheej hmoo yog tiag tiag thiab nws yuav tom koj thaum kawg.

Ua tau kuaj cov khoom zoo. Tsis txhob cia siab rau tus neeg muag khoom daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev ua raws cai. Khiav ib qho piv txwv los ntawm koj tus kheej kev teeb tsa. Taug qab tsis ua hauj lwm tus nqi los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom, los ntawm hnub code, los ntawm ntau.

Nkag siab qhov twg cov khoom siv los ntawm. Koj qhov "US-tsim" module yuav muaj cov khoom tseem ceeb los ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Koj qhov "Tuam Tshoj-dawb" module yuav tsis yog Tuam Tshoj-dawb raws li tus neeg muag khoom thov. Cov khoom siv sib txuas yog opaque thiab kev txhawb siab rau qhov tsis pom tseeb yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Yog tias koj tab tom ua haujlwm me me:

Yuav los ntawm tsim thib peb- cov neeg muag khoom nrog cov pab pawg engineering tiag tiag, tsis yog cov tuam txhab lag luam uas rov ua lag luam txawm tias pheej yig tshaj lub lim tiam no. Tus nqi sib txawv ntawm qhov zoo thiab sketchy yog tej zaum 20%. Qhov kev ntseeg tau qhov sib txawv tsis muaj kawg thaum koj daws teeb meem txuas flaps ntawm 3 AM.

Rau txhua tus:

Kev tsim cov geography tseem ceeb tsawg dua qhov kev tsim khoom zoo. Ib qhov dej-khiav Hoobkas hauv Shenzhen tsim cov qauv zoo dua li qhov tsis zoo- khiav lub Hoobkas hauv Asmeskas. Txiav txim rau cov neeg xa khoom los ntawm lawv cov txheej txheem, lawv qhov kev xeem, lawv qhov kev ua tsis tiav - tsis yog los ntawm tus chij ntawm lawv cov khoom lag luam.

Lub tshuab ua haujlwm. Ntau txhiab tus qauv xa khoom txhua xyoo thiab feem coob ua tau raws nraim li tau teev tseg. Qhov kev sib tw yog nrhiav cov neeg muag khoom uas nws "raws li tau teev tseg" suav nrog cov ces kaum koj lub network yuav ntsib thaum kawg.