Fiber modules ua tau raws li cov qauv fiber ntau

 

Fiber modules yuav tsum ua raws li ntau cov txheej txheem txheej txheem kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov neeg muag khoom thiab cov khoom siv network. Cov no suav nrog Multi-Cov Lus Pom Zoo (MSAs) uas txhais cov qauv ntawm lub cev, IEEE cov qauv tswj hwm cov txheej txheem sib kis, thiab IEC cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb uas suav nrog kev sib txuas kho qhov muag thiab kev sim ua haujlwm. Kev nkag siab tias cov qauv no cuam tshuam li cas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov engineers network xaiv cov modules sib xws rau cov chaw zov me nyuam cov ntaub ntawv, kev sib txuas lus sib txuas lus, thiab chaw lag luam ib puag ncig.

 

 

Peb -Txheej Txheej Txheem Architecture

 

Fiber optic modules tsis ua raws li tus qauv nkaus xwb -lawv yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv peb qhov sib txawv tsis tau cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem txheej txheem. Txhua txheej hais txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv tsim thiab kev ua haujlwm, tsim kom muaj cov txheej txheem dav dav uas ua rau $ 14.1 billion thoob ntiaj teb optical transceiver kev ua lag luam ua haujlwm nrog kev txhim kho tus ntoo khaub lig- cov neeg muag khoom sib xws.

Ntau-Qhov Kev Pom Zoo: Lub Txheej Txheem

MSAs ua haujlwm raws li cov qauv kev lag luam de facto tsim los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov tuam txhab es tsis yog cov qauv kev cai. Daim Ntawv Me-Factor Pluggable (SFP) MSA, luam tawm los ntawm cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb INF-8074i, SFF-8431, thiab SFF-8472, txhais cov tshuab qhov ntev, hluav taws xob pinouts, thiab cov kev kuaj xyuas digital interfaces uas tso cai rau SFP modules los ntawm txhua tus neeg muag khoom kom haum rau lub cev thiab hluav taws xob txuas nrog.

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb: kev ua raws li MSA tau lees paub lub cev thiab hluav taws xob sib raug zoo tab sis tsis ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm kho qhov muag lossis kev txhawb nqa raws tu qauv. Ib qho qauv tuaj yeem yog MSA- ua raws li tseem tsis tau ua raws li qhov kev siv nyiaj siv hluav taws xob kho qhov muag lossis wavelength specifications xav tau rau ib daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yog vim li cas cov tuam txhab lag luam loj xws li Cisco, Juniper, thiab HPE siv firmware locks uas tsis lees txais thib peb -party modules- tsis yog vim muaj qhov tsis sib xws, tab sis los tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov muag pom tseeb.

Tam sim no MSA evolution qhia txog bandwidth xav tau. QSFP-DD (Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable Double Density) MSA, ua tiav hauv xyoo 2019, ua kom 400G thiab 800G kis tau tus mob los ntawm kev siv yim txoj kab hluav taws xob hloov plaub. Los ntawm 2024, kev xa khoom ntawm 800G modules tshaj 5 lab units, uas tau tsav los ntawm hyperscale data center cov neeg ua haujlwm kho dua tshiab cov ntaub ntawv network los txhawb AI kev cob qhia cov haujlwm uas ua rau 10-100 npaug ntawm kev khiav tsheb sab hnub tuaj-sab hnub poob ntau dua li cov ntawv thov ib txwm muaj.

IEEE Cov Qauv: Cov Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem

IEEE 802.3 pawg neeg ua haujlwm tsim cov qauv kev sib kis ntawm Ethernet uas qhia cov ntaub ntawv tus nqi, cov txheej txheem encoding, thiab hom fiber ntau. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm IEEE cov qauv thiab cov qauv fiber ntau yog ncaj qha: txhua qhov IEEE specification txhais cov yam ntxwv kho qhov muag lub transceiver yuav tsum txhawb nqa.

IEEE 802.3ae, tau pom zoo hauv xyoo 2002 rau 10 Gigabit Ethernet, tsim cov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb tseem siv hauv 2024 kev siv:

10GBASE-SR850nm wavelength, multimode fiber ntau, mus txog 300m ntawm OM3 fiber ntau

10GBASE-LR: 1310nm wavelength, ib zaug - hom fiber ntau, mus txog 10km

10GBASE-ER: 1550nm wavelength, ib zaug - hom fiber ntau, mus txog 40km

Tus qauv qhia txog 64B / 66B encoding tswvyim uas muab 10.3125 Gbps kab tus nqi kom ua tiav 10 Gbps cov ntaub ntawv dhau los. Modules yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov phiaj xwm kho qhov muag tau hais tseg -feem ntau 7.3 dB rau 10GBASE-SR thiab 10.5 dB rau 10GBASE-LR- ntsuas nruab nrab ntawm qhov tso tawm tsawg kawg ntawm cov khoom xa tawm thiab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tau txais rhiab heev.

Kev ua haujlwm IEEE tsis ntev los no hais txog qhov xav tau hyperscale. P802.3df ua hauj lwm quab yuam, sib cais nyob rau hauv 2022 mus rau cais 100G thiab 200G ib - txoj kab txoj kab, lub hom phiaj mid-2024 ua tiav rau 400G thiab 800G specifications tshaj ob qho tib si multimode thiab ib zaug - hom fibers. Cov qauv no yuav txhais cov qauv kho qhov muag rau - tiam tom ntej modules twb xa hauv daim ntawv ua ntej rau cov chaw muab huab loj.

IEC Cov Qauv: Cov Txheej Txheem Ua Haujlwm

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Technical Committee 86 tsim peb cov qauv tseem ceeb rau fiber ntau modules:

IEC 61754 (ib.)txhais cov connector interface qhov ntev kom ntseeg tau tias mechanical intermatability. IEC 61754-4 specification rau SC connectors, piv txwv li, tsim ferrule endface geometry tolerances ntawm 0-12 degrees rau angled lub cev sib cuag (APC) connectors siv nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv thov kom txo qis rov qab reflections hauv qab no -60 dB.

IEC 61753: Uamuab cov qauv kev ua haujlwm thoob plaws ib puag ncig pawg. Qeb O (sab nraum cov nroj tsuag) yuav tsum muaj cov qauv ua haujlwm los ntawm -40℃rau +70℃nrog 95% txheeb ze av noo, thaum Qeb C (tswj ib puag ncig) qhia txog 0℃rau +70℃kev ua haujlwm. Cov neeg khiav dej num hauv chaw zov me nyuam feem ntau xa mus rau qeb C modules, tab sis cov ntawv thov ntawm tes xav tau Qeb O industrial-qib transceivers nrog cov txheej txheem txheej thiab txhim kho ESD kev tiv thaiv.

IEC 60793-2-50: Covnpog ib qho - hom fiber ntau specifications, nrog rau qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm OS1 (1.0 dB/km siab kawg attenuation) thiab OS2 (0.4 dB/km siab tshaj plaws) fiber ntau hom. Cov ntawv txheeb cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum qhia meej cov hom fiber ntau vim hais tias ib qho module optimized rau OS2 ultra-qis- tsis fiber ntau tej zaum yuav tsis ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv mus txog ntau dua OS1 kev teeb tsa vim muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab txo qis.

 

Cov qauv kev ua raws li kev coj ua

 

Cov cuab yeej cuab tam network qhia cov kev xav tau ntawm cov qauv siv kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov qauv no. Ib daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv yuav hais tias: "MSA SFP+ ua raws, IEEE 802.3ae 10GBASE-SR, IEC 61754-20 LC duplex connector." Qhov shorthand sib txuas lus:

Lub cev zoo sib xws SFP + MSA (SFF-8431)

Optical kev ua tau raws li IEEE 10GBASE-SR specifications (850nm, multimode)

Connector interface ua raws li IEC cov qauv qauv

Hluav taws xob interface siv tus qauv I²C rau kev kuaj mob digital (SFF-8472)

Lub nra ntawm kev ua raws cai poob rau ntawm cov tuam txhab lag luam uas yuav tsum tau sim tawm tsam ntau qhov tshwj xeeb. Ib qho 100GBASE-SR4 QSFP28 module yuav tsum muaj kev lees paub ntawm:

Plaub txoj kev ywj pheej 25 Gbps kho qhov muag

Wavelength raug nyob rau hauv ± 6nm ntawm 850nm chaw

Optical zog ib txoj kab ntawm -7.6 dBm thiab -1.3 dBm (hloov)

Txais rhiab heev dua -9.5 dBm ib txoj kab

Tag nrho cov peev nyiaj txuas txhawb nqa 100m tshaj OM4 fiber ntau

Kev khiav hauj lwm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm IEC qeb

EMI ua raws li FCC Tshooj 15 Chav B

Digital diagnostics ib SFF-8636 MSA specification

Qhov no ntau- tus qauv siv tau piav qhia tus nqi sib txawv ntawm OEM thiab thib peb -party modules. Cov neeg muag khoom loj xws li Cisco ua qhov kev sim no hauv -lub tsev thiab nkag tau cov txiaj ntsig hauv module EEPROM, thaum thib peb - cov neeg muag khoom yuav tsum rov ua dua qhov kev sim lossis tso siab rau cov khoom muag chipset - tsim qhov kev sib raug zoo tsis paub tseeb uas ua rau cov neeg muag khoom xauv- hauv kev coj ua.

 

Hauv cheeb tsam thiab daim ntawv thov -Cov qauv tshwj xeeb

 

Tshaj li thawj MSA-IEEE-IEC lub moj khaum, cov qauv hauv cheeb tsam ntxiv cov kev cai rau kev lag luam tshwj xeeb.

TIA Standards rau North America

Lub Koom Haum Kev Lag Luam Kev Sib Txuas Lus (TIA) TR-42.11 subcommittee luam tawm TIA-568.3-E thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 2022, qhia txog thaj chaw kho qhov muag fiber ntau cable. Cov qauv no sib haum xeeb nrog IEC nomenclature thaum ntxiv North American kev coj ua:

Connector xim coding: beige rau multimode, xiav rau ib zaug -hom, ntsuab rau APC connectors

Polarity txoj kev rau MPO array connectors (Hom A, B, C, U1, U2)

Channel tsis txwv: 1.5 dB rau 850nm multimode, 1.0 dB rau 1310nm ib zaug -mode

TIA-568.3-E qhia Hom-U2 fiber ntau hloov pauv rau MPO- mus rau -LC breakout modules, ua kom muaj kev tsiv teb tsaws los ntawm duplex LC mus rau array{14}}raws li 40G/100G kev sib txuas yam tsis tau hloov lub cev cables. Qhov no tseem ceeb rau cov chaw zov me nyuam hloov kho dua tshiab los ntawm 10G mus rau 100G, qhov twg OM4 fiber ntau cov nroj tsuag uas twb muaj lawm nrog Hom-B polarity tuaj yeem txhawb nqa 100GBASE-SR4 QSFP28 modules siv Type-U2 cassettes.

Telecom-Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb

Cov chaw muab kev pabcuam ua raws li cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb ntxiv los ntawm ITU-T thiab Telcordia. Tus qauv ITU-T G.709 optical transport network (OTN) tus qauv qhia txog kev kho qhov yuam kev rau pem hauv ntej (FEC) overhead thiab thav duab qauv rau ntev -haul kis tau tus mob. DWDM (dense wavelength division multiplexing) modules rau metro thiab ntev -haul yuav tsum txhawb ITU-T G.694.1 zaus daim phiaj:

100 GHz qhov sib nrug: Ib txwm DWDM, 80+ wavelengths hauv C-band

50 GHz qhov nrug: Muaj peev xwm nce, 160+ wavelengths

Saj zawg zog kab: sib txawv channel dav rau coherent 400G / 800G

Telcordia GR-468-CORE qhia txog kev ntsuam xyuas kev ntseeg siab rau sab nraum cov nroj tsuag fiber ntau, suav nrog:

Thermal cycling: -40℃rau +85 degree, 500 cycles yam tsawg kawg nkaus

Kev vibration kuaj: 10-500 Hz cheb, 1.5G acceleration

Kev sim poob: 1-meter dawb poob rau hauv pob zeb

Cov kev cai no cais cov ntaub ntawv chaw lag luam los ntawm cov cab kuj - qib transceivers. $ 150 kev lag luam SFP + yuav ua tsis tiav tom qab 50,000 teev (5.7 xyoo) hauv huab cua-tswj ib puag ncig, thaum $ 450 tus neeg nqa khoom-qib SFP + muaj sia nyob 250,000 teev (28.5 xyoo) nrog rau qhov kub thiab txias thiab kev ntxhov siab.

 

 

Tus Nqi ntawm Kev Ua Raws Cai

 

Module pricing qhia txog qhov kev xeem thiab kev lees paub lub nra. Kev txheeb xyuas ntawm 2024 tus nqi lag luam qhia tau hais tias:

Hom Module	OEM Nqe	MSA-Ua raws 3rd-Party	Nqe Delta
10G SFP + SR	$245	$35	86% kev txuag
40G QSFP + SR4	$850	$125	85% kev txuag nyiaj
100G QSFP28 SR4	$1,200	$180	85% kev txuag nyiaj
400G QSFP-DD SR8	$3,500	$580	83% kev txuag nyiaj

Qhov zoo ib yam 83-86% tus nqi hwm rau OEM modules stems los ntawm ntau yam tshaj li tus nqi ntshiab. Cov neeg muag khoom OEM sib cav lawv tus nqi suav nrog:

Tag nrho cov qauv validation xeemnyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, voltage, thiab optical parameters

Kev ruaj ntseg txuas ntxiv(feem ntau lub neej vs . 1-3 xyoo rau thib peb- tog)

firmware kev koom ua kexyuas kom tsis siv neeg configuration nrog host device

Supply chain ruaj ntsegnrog tivthaiv traceability thiab kev tiv thaiv cuav

Thib peb -tog MSA- cov qauv ua raws li tau txais kev sim zoo sib xws tab sis yuav siv cov cuab yeej xeem sib txawv, txo cov qauv piv txwv, lossis cov ntaub ntawv muag khoom chipset es tsis yog rau - module validation. Qhov kev pheej hmoo: ib pawg ntawm cov qauv yuav dhau qhov kev kuaj xyuas kev ua raws MSA tab sis ua tsis tiav ntawm qhov kub thiab txias lossis tom qab ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv. Cov neeg khiav dej num hauv chaw tswj xyuas 100, 000+ modules sib npaug qhov kev pheej hmoo no tiv thaiv tus nqi ntawm kev yuav khoom mus txog $ 100 lab txhua xyoo rau kev teeb tsa loj.

Tus neeg muag khoom xauv- nyob rau hauv cov chaw sib cav sib ceg ntawm firmware locks uas tsis lees paub MSA-raws li thib peb-party modules. Cisco cov lus teb: lub ntsuas phoo kom paub tseeb tias tsuas yog cov qauv siv tau ua haujlwm hauv lawv cov keyboards, tiv thaiv cov teeb meem kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov transceivers tsis sib xws. Cov neeg thuam hais tias MSA cov qauv yuav tsum muaj kev sib raug zoo txaus yam tsis muaj tus neeg muag khoom - tshwj xeeb encoding. Qhov tseeb ntawm kev ua lag luam: feem ntau cov tuam txhab lag luam lees txais qhov thib peb -party modules rau cov keyboards ntug tab sis qhia meej OEM modules rau cov khoom siv hauv network uas cov nqi hluav taws xob ntau tshaj qhov kev txuag nyiaj.

 

Emerging Standards Challenges

 

Kev hloov mus rau 800G thiab 1.6T tsim cov qauv kev sib koom ua ke cov teeb meem uas yuav daws tsis tau txog 2025-2026.

Cov teeb meem siv hluav taws xob

Tam sim no QSFP-DD MSA specifications tso cai rau 15W qhov siab tshaj plaws module zog, txaus rau feem ntau 400G kev siv. Tab sis 800G coherent pluggables mus txog 20W, thiab 1.6T modules yuav xav tau 25-30W. Qhov no tsim teeb meem kev tswj xyuas thermal: 32 qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm 25W modules tsim 800W tshav kub load hauv ib qho kev hloov, ntxiv rau 15-20% hloov ASIC fais fab nyiaj siv ua haujlwm.

Co-packaged optics (CPO), qhov twg optical engines integrate ncaj qha nrog hloov ASICs, cog lus sub-5W ib 800G chaw nres nkoj. Tab sis CPO xav tau cov qauv tshiab rau kev sib xyaw tshuab, thermal interfaces, thiab hluav taws xob I / O ntawm optics thiab ASIC. Lub Consortium rau On-Board Optics (COBO) tsim nyob rau hauv 2023 los daws qhov sib txawv no, tab sis ntau lawm CPO keyboards yuav tsis xa mus txog 2025-2026.

AI Network Requirements

AI kev cob qhia pawg tsim cov kev cai tshwj xeeb uas cov qauv uas twb muaj lawm tsis ua tiav. NVIDIA's GPU pawg siv cov tswv cuab NVLink rau kev sib tshuam -GPU kev sib txuas lus, tab sis GPUs- rau - hloov kev sib txuas siv tus qauv Ethernet. Qhov tsis sib haum xeeb ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb uas cov tswv lag luam daws nrog:

Ultra- qis latency modules: Sub-300ns latency vs. 500-800ns rau tus qauv transceivers

Tsawg-jitter specifications: <100fs RMS vs. standard 500fs requirements

Txhim kho FEC: Kev kho yuam kev muaj zog rau cov kab hluav taws xob nrov nrov hauv siab -GPU racks

Ultra Ethernet Consortium, tsim nyob rau hauv 2023, tab tom tsim cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb rau AI- optimized Ethernet uas yuav xav tau cov peev txheej tshiab. Cov qauv yuav tsis ua tiav kom txog rau thaum lig 2025, tab sis cov neeg ua haujlwm hyperscale tau siv ua ntej - cov qauv siv kom tau raws li qhov xav tau tam sim ntawd.

Sustainability Standards

European Union's Eco-Tsim Cov Lus Qhia yuav xav tau cov khoom siv fiber ntau muag hauv EU kev lag luam kom ua tau raws li lub hom phiaj ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob los ntawm 2026. Cov tswv yim ua ntej qhia:

Lub zog siab tshaj plaws rau ib Gbps: 0.5W rau 400G, 0.3W rau 800G

Tsawg kawg 7-xyoo kev ua haujlwm lub neej

Recyclable ntim thiab RoHS-cov ntaub ntawv ua raws

Environmental Product declarations (EPDs) documenting carbon footprint

Cov kev cai no yuav dhau los ua tus qauv thoob ntiaj teb de facto vim cov tuam txhab lag luam yuav tsis tuav cov khoom sib cais rau cov lag luam sib txawv. Module cov neeg muag khoom twb tau tsim rau cov hom phiaj no: 2024 tso tawm ntawm 400G modules nruab nrab 8W (0.02W ib Gbps) qhia tias kev ua raws cai yog ua tiav, tab sis kev kuaj xyuas thiab cov ntaub ntawv yuav ntxiv tus nqi.

 

Standards Selection Framework

 

Network engineers soj ntsuam fiber ntau modules rau cov kev siv tshwj xeeb yuav tsum xyuas kom meej raws li ntau qhov ntev:

Lub cev txheej:

Form factor MSA (SFP+, QSFP28, QSFP-DD, thiab lwm yam)

Connector hom (LC, MPO, CS) thiab tus qauv interface (IEC 61754 series)

Kev khiav hauj lwm kub qeb (IEC 61753)

Optical Txheej:

IEEE kis tus qauv (10GBASE-SR, 100GBASE-DR, thiab lwm yam)

Wavelength thiab fiber ntau (850nm MMF, 1310nm SMF, CWDM, DWDM)

Txuas cov peev nyiaj thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws

FEC hom yog xav tau (RS-FEC, KP-FEC, thiab lwm yam)

Hluav taws xob txheej:

Tus tswv tsev interface signaling (SFI, CAUI-4, thiab lwm yam)

Digital diagnostics interface (SFF-8472, SFF-8636)

Kev siv hluav taws xob thiab thermal dissipation

Regulatory Txheej:

Daim ntawv pov thawj kev nyab xeeb (UL, CE, FCC)

Kev ua raws li ib puag ncig (RoHS, REACH)

Cov qauv hauv cheeb tsam (TIA-568 rau North America, EN 50173 rau Europe)

Ib qho pitfall: piv txwv li MSA ua raws li kev ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam tag nrho. Ib qho qauv yuav yog cov tshuab thiab hluav taws xob MSA- ua raws tab sis siv tsis yog - tus qauv laser wavelengths, qib tsis raug kho qhov muag, lossis tsis sib xws FEC algorithms uas tiv thaiv kev sib txuas nrog kev hloov pauv tshwj xeeb ASICs. Qhov no yog vim li cas cov tswv lag luam tseem ceeb tswj hwm cov npe muag khoom tsim nyog (QVLs) raws li kev ntsuas kev sib cuam tshuam tiag tiag es tsis yog cov qauv kev lees paub.

 

Cov lus nug nquag

 

Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm MSA-raws li thiab OEM- sib haum modules?

MSA-cov qauv ua raws raws li kev lag luam daim ntawv thiab cov qauv kev sib txuas hluav taws xob tab sis yuav tsis muaj tus neeg muag khoom- tshwj xeeb firmware encoding. OEM- cov khoom siv tau zoo suav nrog qhov kev encoding no, tso cai rau kev ua haujlwm hauv cov neeg muag khoom- cov khoom kaw. Ob hom tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov qauv kev ua haujlwm kho qhov muag tib yam (IEEE, IEC) tab sis txawv ntawm qhov kev lees txais.

Kuv puas tuaj yeem siv ib qho -mode modules nrog multimode fiber?

Tsis zoo. Tib-mob modules siv nqaim-beam lasers (9μm core) optimized rau ib leeg- hom fiber ntau (9μm core). Tua tawm cov kab no mus rau hauv multimode fiber ntau (50-62.5μm core) tsim cov qauv sib txawv uas txwv hnyav mus txog -feem ntau hauv qab 300 meters. Qhov thim rov qab (multimode modules ntawm ib qho -mode fiber) tsuas yog tsis ua haujlwm raws li LED lossis VCSEL beam dav dhau rau cov tub ntxhais ib hom.

Vim li cas 800G modules raug nqi tsawg dua ib Gbps dua 400G modules?

Module tus nqi yog dominated los ntawm optical Cheebtsam (lasers, photodetectors) thiab DSP chips es tsis yog chaw nres nkoj ceev. Ib qho 800G module siv yim 100G kab sib koom sib koom ntim, txuas, thiab cov nqi cuam tshuam hla ob zaug ntawm bandwidth ntawm 400G module nrog plaub 100G kab. Raws li kev ntim ntau lawm, 800G modules nce mus txog $ 0.70-0.85 ib Gbps piv rau $ 1.20-1.50 ib Gbps rau 400G.

Kuv yuav ua li cas thiaj paub tseeb tias ib qho module ua tau raws li ntau tus qauv?

Tshawb xyuas daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv qhia meej meej rau cov qauv kev thov (tsis yog "sib haum nrog"). Saib rau MSA cov lej tshwj xeeb (SFF-8431 rau SFP+), IEEE tus lej lej (802.3ae rau 10G), thiab IEC qeb ua haujlwm. Cov ntaub ntawv ntsuam xyuas cov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum sau cov duab kos duab qhov muag, ntsuas lub zog, thiab kev ntsuas ib puag ncig. Rau cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb, thov cov qauv qauv rau kev ntsuam xyuas kev tsim nyog hauv tsev tiv thaiv koj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab cov nroj tsuag fiber ntau.

 

Saib ntawm Kev Ua Lag Luam

 

Cov qauv txheej txheem ua rau muaj kev sib tw module lag luam thaum tsim kev sib tw ntawm kev sib koom tes thiab kev tswj hwm tus neeg muag khoom. Cov neeg muag khoom OEM siv cov qauv tab sis ntxiv cov khoom ntiag tug uas kaw cov neeg siv khoom rau hauv lawv cov ecosystem. Module cov neeg muag khoom taug kev ntawm kev ua raws li MSA nruj thiab tus neeg muag khoom- cov kev hloov pauv tshwj xeeb xav tau rau kev nkag mus rau kev lag luam.

Qhov no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv lub network uas nkag siab txog cov qauv toj roob hauv pes: qhia meej cov qauv kev cai (tsis yog "ua haujlwm nrog Cisco") ua rau muaj kev sib tw sib tw thaum tswj cov kev cai. $ 14.1 billion optical transceiver kev lag luam hauv 2024, npaj kom ncav cuag $ 38-42 nphom los ntawm 2030-2032, qhia txog kev loj hlob ntawm bandwidth thiab kev ua tiav zoo ntawm kev tsim qauv thiab cov neeg muag khoom tshiab.

Cov tswv lag luam ntse tswj hwm ob lub tswv yim: OEM modules rau cov khoom siv tseem ceeb uas cov neeg muag khoom txhawb nqa yog qhov tseem ceeb, MSA-ua raws li thib peb-party modules rau ntug cov khoom siv uas cov nqi txuag tau pom tias muaj kev pheej hmoo siab dua me ntsis. Txoj hauv kev no yuav tsum tau nkag siab txog peb - txheej txheej txheej txheem architecture-MSA daim ntawv yam, IEEE raws tu qauv, thiab IEC kev ua haujlwm specifications- uas ua rau fiber ntau modules kom tau raws li cov qauv fiber ntau nyob rau ntau txhiab qhov sib txawv ntawm kev siv network.