Digital Optical Modules ua haujlwm hauv cov tshuab niaj hnub

 

Dab tsi yog qhov tseeb hauv qhov khoom

 

Crack qhib lub transceiver (tsis txhob ua qhov no; lub laser raug ib leeg ua rau nws lub tswv yim tsis zoo) thiab koj yuav pom ib qho kev xav tsis thoob ntawm cov khoom uas tsis tau hloov pauv hauv architecture txij li xyoo 1990s. Cov khoom xa hluav taws xob nyob hauv tsev lub teeb ci- feem ntau yog VCSEL luv luv - ncav cuag cov ntawv thov multimode, DFB laser rau txhua yam loj dua ib zaug - hom fiber ntau. Lub receiver sab muaj ib tug photodiode thiab transimpedance amplifier. Nruab nrab ntawm lawv zaum txawm lub teeb liab txias cov ntaub ntawv tus nqi xav tau.

VCSEL tsim nyog tau txais cov lus tshwj xeeb vim nws yog tib lub sijhawm tus phab ej thiab neeg phem ntawm datacenter optics. Vertical-kab noj hniav nto-emitting lasers daws qhov teeb meem tsim khoom uas plagued ntug- emitting li: koj tuaj yeem sim lawv ntawm -wafer ua ntej dicing, uas txhais tau hais tias koj yeej paub tias koj tab tom xa khoom. Lawv pheej yig. Lawv ntseeg tau txaus. Lawv khiav txias.

Tab sis VCSELs muaj kev txwv nyob deb uas tseem ceeb.

850nm lub teeb los ntawm multimode fiber hits modal dispersion phab ntsa uas tsis muaj tus nqi ntawm DSP ntse tuaj yeem kov yeej. Koj tau txais tej zaum 100 meters ntawm 25G ua ntej lub qhov muag daim duab pib zoo li niaj hnub kos duab. OM4 fiber ntau hauv koj lub hauv pem teb tsis tau tsim los rau qhov peb tab tom thov kom nws ua, thiab OM5 kev saws me nyuam tseem nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm "kev cog lus" thiab "kev xav" hauv feem ntau kev lag luam xa tawm kuv tau pom.

 

Cov lus nug Wavelength tsis muaj leej twg nug kom raug

1310nm poob attenuation rau kwv yees li 0.4 dB / km dhau ib hom - hom. Qhov no yog O-band, qhov twg chromatic dispersion hits qhov yooj yim yam tsawg kawg nkaus thiab koj tuaj yeem thawb cov cim 10km yam tsis muaj kev nthuav dav. Feem ntau LR modules nyob ntawm no.

1550nm ua rau koj mus txog li 0.3 dB/km-C-band "zero-poob qhov rais" uas txhua tus hauv xov tooj pe hawm. DWDM systems crams kaum ob ntawm channel rau hauv pawg no vim erbium-doped fiber amplifiers ua haujlwm zoo nkauj ntawm no. Tab sis cov EDFAs raug nqi nyiaj, thiab rau kev ncua qis dua 40km, cov nqi ntxiv tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig.

Qhov yuam kev kuv pom ntau zaus: ib tug neeg specs 1550nm modules rau 2km tsev kawm ntawv txuas vim "qis poob yuav tsum zoo dua." Nws tsis zoo dua. Nws kim dua rau tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab tam sim no koj tau txais cov khoom lag luam nyuaj uas koj tsis xav tau.

 

Teeb liab kev ncaj ncees thiab teeb meem moos rov qab

 

Ntawm no yog qhov twg cov khoom tau txais txiaj ntsig tiag tiag, thiab tseem yog qhov uas cov engineers junior pib ua yuam kev kim.

High - cov ntaub ntawv ceev ceev tsis mus nrog lub teeb liab moos. Lub sijhawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau rov qab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntws nws tus kheej- yog li Clock thiab Data Recovery circuits ua. Ib theem- xauv lub voj nyob rau hauv lub module saib rau kev hloov pauv hauv cov khoom nkag tuaj, tsim lub moos hauv zos los ntawm cov kev hloov pauv ntawd, thiab siv lub moos rov qab los ua piv txwv cov khoom tom ntej ntawm qhov pom ntawm qhov muag.

Qhov no ua haujlwm zoo kawg nkaus kom txog thaum nws tsis ua.

CDR locks xav tau kev hloov pauv txaus hauv cov ntaub ntawv. 64B / 66B encoding siv hauv 10G Ethernet lav cov npoo txaus kom PLL zoo siab. Tab sis yog tias ib tug neeg xa cov qauv pathological- lossis qhov phem dua, qhov ntev ntawm cov cim zoo ib yam los ntawm cov khoom siv tsis zoo nyob rau sab saud -CDR tuaj yeem poob qhov xauv. Thaum nws poob xauv, LOL (poob xauv) tswb hluav taws kub, qhov txuas poob, thiab koj tab tom ntsia ntawm qhov yuam kev suav xav paub qhov tsis raug.

Qhov kev ntxhov siab: CDR tus cwj pwm txawv ntawm cov neeg muag khoom. Kuv twb pom modules los ntawm cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus A tuav lub xauv los ntawm cov qauv ib ntus uas tam sim ntawd tua modules los ntawm cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus B. Ob leeg ntsib spec. Ob leeg dhau qhov kev sim ua raws. Ib tug ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov neeg siv khoom qhov chaw tsheb, ib tus tsis ua.

 

DDM hloov kho qhov teeb meem mus ib txhis (thaum nws ua haujlwm)

 

Ua ntej Digital Diagnostic Monitoring tau dhau los ua tus qauv, kev daws teeb meem kev sib txuas ntawm fiber ntau txhais tau tias rub cov modules, swapping cables, thiab thov Vajtswv rau txhua tus vajtswv uas tswj hwm koj txoj kev hloov pauv. Yog tias qhov txuas tau poob qis, koj paub tias qee yam tsis raug. Koj twb tsis paub dab tsi.

DDM-qee zaum hu ua DOM, vim tias kev lag luam nyiam cov lus tsis sib xws - hloov qhov ntawd. Txhua niaj hnub transceiver qhia tseeb-lub sij hawm telemetry los ntawm I²C interface: kub, mov voltage, laser bias tam sim no, TX zog, RX zog. Qhov tshwj xeeb SFF-8472 qhia txog daim ntawv qhia nco. Koj qhov hloov pauv nyeem nws tau.

Qhov no suab zoo li ntshiab upside, thiab feem ntau nws yog. Tab sis kuv tau raug hlawv txaus lub sij hawm los ntawm DDM cov ntaub ntawv kom tau tsim ib co kev noj qab haus huv skepticism.

TXP nyeem ntawv? Nws yog muab los ntawm lub monitor photodiode uas kuaj ib feem ntawm cov zis laser. Lub coupling efficiency ntawm laser thiab MPD txawv nrog kub. Cov ntaub ntawv calibration hlawv rau hauv lub module's EEPROM tau ntsuas ntawm 25℃ntawm lub rooj ntev zaum qhov chaw hauv Shenzhen. Koj qhov chaw ua haujlwm tiag tiag yog 47℃vim tias lub module zaum ntawm ob lub transceivers kub nyob rau hauv tag nrho -loaded hloov.

Tus lej ntawm koj qhov screen yog kwv yees. Nws feem ntau yog qhov kwv yees zoo. Tab sis kuv tau kawm tsis txhob tshaj tawm yeej raws li DDM nyeem uas zoo li qub. Siv lub ntsuas hluav taws xob optical. Ntsuas lub teeb tiag tiag ntaus cov fiber ntau.

 

 

Kub yog txhua yam

 

Kuv tsis tuaj yeem overstate ntau npaum li cas kub dominates optical module tus cwj pwm. Txhua qhov parameter uas tseem ceeb hloov nrog qhov kub thiab txias.

Laser qhov pib tam sim no nce raws li cov modules ua kom sov- lub cuab yeej xav tau ntau tsav tam sim no kom ua tiav cov khoom siv kho qhov muag tib yam. Txoj kev nqes hav txo qis, txhais tau tias txhua qhov ntxiv milliamp ntawm kev tsis ncaj ncees ua rau lub teeb tsawg dua. Wavelength drifts, uas tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv CWDM thiab DWDM systems qhov twg channel sib nrug yog nruj. Lub photodiode responsivity hloov. Txawm hais tias qhov siv hluav taws xob nyob hauv kev saib xyuas circuits drift.

Cov neeg tsim khoom qhia txog kev khiav hauj lwm ntau yam - feem ntau 0℃txog 70℃rau qib kev lag luam, -40℃txog 85℃rau kev lag luam. Dab tsi lawv tsis txaus qhia yog qhov phem npaum li cas lub module ua tau zoo ntawm cov npoo ntawm qhov sib piv rau qhov chaw.

Kuv tau ntsuas cov modules hauv thaj teb khiav 15℃kub dua li qhov hloov pauv qhov ntsuas kub ib puag ncig qhia. Cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas kub ntawm lub transceiver nyeem 63℃thaum qhov hloov chassis qhia "airflow li qub" thiab "kub 38 degree" hauv nws qhov kev saib xyuas ib puag ncig. Qhov tsis sib xws tau tshwm sim vim tias qhov hloov pauv tau ntsuas huab cua kub ntawm nws qhov nqus, thaum lub transceiver tau ua noj nyob rau hauv lub thermal ntxoov ntxoo ntawm QSFP nyob ib sab -DD uas tau khiav coherent optics ntawm 14 watts.

Tsis muaj leej twg tau ceeb toom. Qhov txuas tseem ua haujlwm tau-ntaus-nrog nce ua ntej-FEC yuam kev uas qee zaus ua rau poob rau hauv cov ncej. Siv peb lub hlis los txiav txim seb yog vim li cas qhov txuas tshwj xeeb ntawd muaj tus nqi xa rov qab ntau dua li qhov sib txuas zoo ib yam ntawm lwm qhov hauv cov ntaub.

 

Thib peb-Cov Lus Nug

 

Txhua tus neeg xav paub txog - tog neeg transceivers thib peb. Tus nqi delta yog ib qho nyuaj rau tsis quav ntsej-3x rau 5x pheej yig dua OEM modules rau ostensibly zoo tib yam specifications.

Qhov Multi-Qhov Kev Pom Zoo muaj nyob tshwj xeeb los pab kom muaj kev sib koom tes. Kev ua raws SFP-10G-LR los ntawm lub tuam txhab X yuav tsum ua haujlwm zoo ib yam los ntawm lub tuam txhab Y. Cov kev ntsuas qhov muag tau txhais. Mechanical qhov ntev yog standardized. Cov hluav taws xob interface ua raws cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb tshaj tawm los ntawm cov koom haum kev lag luam.

Kev muaj tiag, raws li niaj zaus, diverges ntawm specification.

Hloov cov neeg muag khoom encode transceiver EEPROMs nrog cov neeg muag khoom ID cov hlua. Cisco xyuas cov hlua no thiab yuav ua yuam kev -lov tes taw cov chaw nres nkoj uas tsis phim lawv cov npe pom zoo. Juniper lub platform tshiab tshaj tawm cov lus ceeb toom thiab tsis kam hu xov tooj. HPE tau rov qab mus rau txoj cai lij choj raws li cov khoom lag luam thiab cov firmware version.

Cov kev daws teeb meem muaj. Cisco cov kev pabcuam tsis tau txais kev txhawb nqa -transceiver hais kom txuag tau suav tsis txheeb lub sijhawm xa tawm. Thib peb-cov neeg muag khoom pabcuam lawv EEPROMs los tshaj tawm cov lej muag khoom sib xws. Cov khoom siv zoo li FS Box cia koj reprogram modules hauv thaj teb.

Tab sis ntawm no yog qhov tsis muaj leej twg qhia rau koj: thaum muaj xwm txheej tsis ncaj ncees lawm-thiab thaum kawg lawv yuav- txhawb nqa los ua tus yeeb ncuab. Hu rau TAC nrog qhov teeb meem txuas, hais txog thib peb - tog optics, saib qhov kev sib tham xaus. "Hloov nrog kev txhawb nqa transceivers thiab hu rov qab yog tias qhov teeb meem tshwm sim." Lawv tsis yuam kev los ntawm kev txhawb nqa. Lawv kuj tsis pab thaum 2 teev sawv ntxov thaum koj cov ntaub degraded.

Kuv tus kheej txoj cai, tsim los ntawm kev nyuaj: thib peb - tog hauv chav kuaj, OEM hauv kev tsim khoom uas tseem ceeb. Cov nqi txuag tau qis dua thaum koj yog tus daws teeb meem cuam tshuam CRC yuam kev uas tej zaum yuav yog lub transceiver, tej zaum yuav yog fiber ntau, tej zaum yuav yog firmware, thiab koj tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim dab tsi tawm.

 

 

Kev kis kab mob yuav pom koj

 

Qhov loj tshaj plaws ua rau teeb meem kho qhov muag txuas tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog lub module nws tus kheej. Nws yog av.

Lub speck ntawm plua plav ntawm lub ntsej muag fiber ntau tuaj yeem ua rau lub teeb liab txaus los thawb qhov txuas dhau ntawm nws qhov kev ua yuam kev. Ntawm 100G thiab siab dua, cov npoo tsis yog qhov nws tau ua. Koj tab tom ua haujlwm ze dua rau cov kev txwv kev nkag siab ntawm tus neeg txais. Cov plua plav speck uas yuav tsis pom ntawm 1G Ethernet tam sim no ua rau pob ntawv poob ntawm 400G.

Lub hauv paus ntawm ib qho - hom fiber ntau yog 9 micrometers inch. Tib neeg cov plaub hau yog li 70 micrometers. Cov kab mob sib kis me dua txhua yam uas koj tuaj yeem pom yam tsis muaj kev nthuav dav tuaj yeem thaiv txoj hauv kev kho qhov muag.

Tshawb xyuas ua ntej txuas. Ib txwm. Siv cov khoom siv fiber ntau, tsis yog kev kuaj pom. Kuv tsis quav ntsej yog hais tias lub patch cord tawm ntawm lub hnab ntim tau tsib vib nas this dhau los -lub hnab tsis huv, koj cov ntiv tes kov ib yam dab tsi, huab cua hauv koj lub datacenter muaj cov khoom. Tshawb xyuas, ntxuav yog tias tsim nyog, tshuaj xyuas dua, ces txuas.

Kev ntxuav nws tus kheej qhia txog kev pheej hmoo. Qhuav so ua rau cov nqi zoo li qub uas nyiam cov kab mob ntau dua. Kev ntxuav ntub dej nrog isopropyl cawv tuaj yeem tso cov khoom seem yog tias koj cia nws evaporate es tsis so qhuav tam sim ntawd. Ib qho -nias cov tshuaj ntxuav tes ua haujlwm tau zoo kom txog thaum lawv siv thiab ib tus neeg txuas ntxiv nyem rau qhov twg los xij, rov faib cov kab mob sib kis thoob plaws lub ferrule.

Kuv saib ib tug kws kho mob siv plaub teev daws teeb meem ib ntus txuas. Hloov cov modules ob zaug. Txheeb xyuas cov kab hluav taws xob. Saib xyuas kev teeb tsa. Thaum kawg tau tawg tawm qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas thiab pom qhov zoo li cov ntiv tes seem ntawm lub bulkhead adapter. Ntxuav nws kom raug. Txuas tuaj huv si thiab nyob twj ywm.

Plaub teev. Rau tus ntiv tes.

 

Dab tsi tseem ceeb thaum xaiv Modules

 

Tom qab tag nrho cov kev nthuav dav, cov txheej txheem xaiv feem ntau yog los rau ob peb qhov kev txiav txim siab uas tsis tshwm sim hauv ib daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv.

Koj lub platform hloov pauv yog dab tsi? Yog tias koj yog Cisco lub khw, cov lus nug hauv daim foos tau teb ntau rau koj. Yog tias koj tab tom khiav Arista lossis Juniper ntawm nplooj thiab lwm yam ntawm tus txha nraub qaum, tej zaum koj yuav muaj kev xaiv-tab sis kev siv cov kev xaiv no tsim cov khoom lag luam nyuaj. Kev sib raug zoo muaj nqis.

Qhov deb npaum li cas koj xav tau los npog? Ntsuas koj cov kab khiav. Ntxiv cov npoo rau thaj panels thiab splices. Tom qab ntawd xaiv qhov pheej yig tshaj module hom uas ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau nyob deb nrog chav rau seem. Kev qhia txog LR modules rau 50-meter khiav vim "peb yuav xav tau kev ncav cuag tom qab" yog nyiaj nkim.

Koj cov nroj tsuag fiber ntau yog dab tsi? Multimode nyob rau hauv cov tsev, ib leeg -hom nruab nrab ntawm lub tsev- uas tseem yog cov qauv. Kev sib ntaus tus qauv no raug nqi ntau dua li kev ua haujlwm nrog nws.

Koj ntseeg koj qhov kev txhim kho zoo npaum li cas? 400G muaj cov paj tsawg dua 100G. Cov khoom siv qias neeg uas ua haujlwm zoo ntawm qhov qis qis yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem. Yog tias koj qhov kev teeb tsa cabling hnub rov qab mus rau thaum Cat5e raug txiav txim siab yav tom ntej - pov thawj, cia siab tias yuav muaj teeb meem.

Cov lus qhia tho txawv yog feem ntau yog: phim cov thev naus laus zis rau cov kev xav tau tiag tiag, yuav los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom uas yuav txhawb nqa koj thaum khoom tawg, ntxuav txhua qhov txuas txhua zaus koj kov nws. Cov modules lawv tus kheej tau dhau los ua kev ntseeg tau zoo heev. Cov teeb meem yuav luag txhua qhov chaw.