DCI sawv ntsug rau
Sep 22, 2025| 
Cov ntaub ntawv chaw nruab nrab interconnect technologies
Cov Evolution ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nruab nrab interconnnect (DCI) thev naus laus zis sawv cev rau lub hnub tseem ceeb hauv cov qauv hauv nruab nrog. High {- Kev Ua Tau Zoo Li, uas yog tus txha caj qaum ntawm DCI ntawm DCI ntawm DCI cov kev sib tw sib tw piv rau cov khoom lag luam tsoos.
Kev tsim ntim ntawm cov chips tseem tshuav qis dua cov chips ntxwm, ua rau lawv cov sawv cev rau cov chaw ua kom zoo dua cov chaw. Piv txwv li, YARC, ib cov qauv cell liic, siv tau 90 nm txheej txheem thev naus laus zis thaum kev cai microprocessors ua haujlwm 65 nm cov txheej txheem. Cov microprocess tam sim no Qib Qib 32 NM Cmos Technology, tso Asics tsawg kawg ib tiam ib tiam.
Kev tsim khoom txheej txheem thev naus laus zis hloov zuj zus
Semiconductor kev lag luam kev lag luam
Lub semiconductor kev lag luam kev lag luam kev nce qib los ntawm 45 nm, thiab 22 nm cmos txheej txheem txhais cov chaw loj rau cov loj} radix hloov hauv DCI cov ntawv thov. Qhov kev siv thev naus laus zis no, raws li lub xyoo 2009 iTrs (thoob ntiaj teb thev naus laus zis rau cov txheej txheem sib txawv), muab kev nthuav dav dav dav rau feem ntau cov kev npaj siab.
Cov Cheebtsam uas tsis muaj nyob hauv ITrs
Txawm li cas los xij, tus thawj ITrs moj khaum tsis muaj I / O fais fab kev twv kev twv ua ntej, metric tseem ceeb rau DCI kev nqis. Tsis ntev los no tau luam tawm cov txiaj ntsig tau qhib ntxiv ntawm Serdes Power Siv Antecosts.
ITs Tshuab Tshuab Hluav Taws Xob
Cov Hluav Taws Xob I / O Roadmap qhia tau tias thaum lub sij hawm pib nthuav dav thev naus laus zis suav nrog kev lag luam roadmap tam sim no muaj nyob rau qhov kev txhim kho kho qhov muag hauv DCI ib puag ncig. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab kev tshawb nrhiav cov kev tshawb fawb, peb nthuav qhia kev pib ntawm kev tsim kho cov yees duab photonics ntawm kev txhim kho kev txhim kho DCI.
Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob I / O Technology Technology
Luv - muaj ntau tiv thaiv ntev - ntau ntawm Serdes hauv DCI cov ntawv thov
ITRS feem ntau yog tsom rau luv - deb (sr)}}} lOV} nco kev sib txuas sib txuas sib txuas nrog ntau centimeters. Tsis ntev los no kev sim ua tau pom muaj ntau tsawg - fais sr {} Serdes siv cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm 12 mm / s rau 28 nm thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis.
Hauv DCI hloov cov ntawv thov, ntev - deb (LR) ntau zaus (lr) ntev, traversing paths nrog tsawg kawg ob lub backplane txuas.
Sr - Serdes xav tau 40% tsawg zog dua li lr {2} Serdes Sab nraud lossis buffers rau ncua kev sib kis hauv DCI hauv kev teeb tsa.
Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm surting sr - Serdes txo hloov lub zog chip power Qhov paradox no nthuav tawm cov nyom rau DCI system.
Kev siv zog siv thiab kev kwv yees
Kov yeej kev txwv bandwidth
Kev hloov sab nraud tsis tuaj yeem kov yeej cov kev txwv uas muaj cov kev txwv Sib xyaw ua ke photonic technology ncaj qha siv rau ntawm - pcececce so los ntawm cov nyom no. Experimental validation of integrated CMOS photonics using indirect modulation demonstrates feasibility, with all communication components except external lasers integrated through CMOS-compatible processes.
Txawm li cas los xij, mach {{- kev ua yeeb yam siv nyob rau hauv cov kab ke no vim tias lawv cov ntawv loj tshaj plaws yog vim lawv cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj 50 fj / ntsis. Cov kev txwv no yuav tsum tsim nyog lwm txoj hauv kev rau cov ntaub ntawv DCI.
Resonant qauv - Kev daws teeb meem
"Silicon Micronic Microring Reporonators Cov Tshuaj Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Tshaj Plaws Hauv Ib Paus Kawm Ntawv Nrov Hauv qab no 1 FJ /}}} Nplooj txheej kho kho qhov muag."
Tau qhov twg los: Xwm.com
Microring Reshators
Kev cog lus cog lus, siab {- effecticial modulators raws li cov qauv kev resonant muaj kev xaiv rau DCI architectures. Silicon -} Raws li microring resonators muaj nuj nqi ua modulators, nthwv dej {{}} kev lim dej, lossis tso cov lim dej.
Yoj wavelength xaiv
Kev siv microrings muaj cov waverengthras, ua kom tsim kev siv ntawm dwdm (ntom siv wavelength divenas) transmitters tseem ceeb rau DCI Scalability.
Tiav Fuite
Ua ke nrog Silicon Ridgeguides, German photodetectors ua tiav 40 GHz bandwidth, thiab grating couplerth, thiab grating ua tiav kev sib txuas lus kev sib txuas lus yuav tsum muaj rau DCI kev nqis tes ua ke.
DWDM Kho Qhov Muag Kho Qhov Muag
Ua tiav DWDM kho qhov muag txuas rau DCI daim ntawv thov cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam sib xyaw. Ib hom sab nraud - xauv cov laser muab nthwv dej "zuag" teeb "teeb tsa" teeb tsa "teeb" teeb " Microring Realonator Arsonator sib raug nrog cov nthwv wavelength hloov cov cim rau cov khoom thauj khoom.
Cov paib kho qhov muag tau propagate los ntawm WaveGuides ua rau pom kev sib txawv, tom qab ntawd nws tau rov qab los ntawm kev sib txawv
Qhov txuas txuas no ua rau ob qho inter -}}} l} cov couppers yog tshem tawm cov coupinated rau on- Board DCI cov ntawv thov.
Kev Ntsuas Cov Kev Kawm thiab Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Hluav Taws
Cov yam ntxwv tshwm sim tsis kam
Tiav Chip - rau -}} pm optical fetcuitides tshwj xeeb kev sim cov khoom tseem ceeb rau DCI phiaj xwm:
WaveGuide propagation poob: 5 DB tag nrho (2.5 dB / cm × 2 cm)
Grating coupler poob: 6 db tag nrho (3 db ib coupler × 2)
Kev Fiber: 0.04 DB (0.4 DB / KM × 0.01 km × 4)
Kev Lag Luam Microring Poob: 1 Db (0.5 DB Ib Lub Nplhaib × 2)
Tag Nrho Cov Nyiaj Txiag: 12.04 DB
Thermal Tswj kev txiav txim siab
Thermal tuning zog sawv cev ib qho tseem ceeb heev hauv DCI Optical Systems. Silicon lub siab thermo - qhov optic coefficient (1.86 × 10⁻⁴ / k) iquentates kub tswj.
Txhua qhov microring yuav tsum muaj kwv yees li 250 μT / n m transaltengting rau kev them nyiaj rau kev them nyiaj rau ± 20℃kub ntau yam nyob rau hauv dci ib puag ncig.
Laser yuav tsum muaj
Tau txais cov lus txhawb nqa lub zog: -17 dBM rau 10⁻⁹ ber ntawm 10 GB / S
Tag nrho txoj kev poob: 12.04 db
Laser kev ua haujlwm: 30% phab ntsa -} Plug efficievy
Yuav tsum muaj laser zog: 5 dbm tawm siv tawm ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshiab, 35 mw hluav taws xob
Tau txais lub hwj chim
TIA Power Kev Siv: 8 MW ntawm 10 GB / S
Liminging Amplifier: 12 MW ntawm 10 GB / S
Moos thiab cov ntaub ntawv rov qab: 15 mW ntawm 10 GB / S
Tag nrho cov tau txais lub zog: 35 mw ib channel
Modulator Fais Fab
Kev Tsav Circuit Court: 10 MW Raws Li 1 VPP Tsav Voltage
Microring tuning: 0.5 mw rau 10 GHz Bandwidth
Tag nrho Modulator Hwj Chim: 10.5 mw rau ib qho channel
Kev Tshaj Tawm: Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Piv Txwv I / O
Cov xwm txheej thev naus laus zis tam sim no
| Me me | Hluav Taws Xob I / O | Kho qhov muag I / O |
|---|---|---|
| Kev ua tau zoo | 11 pj / me ntsis rau lr - serdes | 3 pj / ntsis suav nrog txhua yam |
| Bandwidth | 25 GB / S ib khub sib txawv | 50 gb / s ib wavelength channel |
| Kev tsim khoom ywm | 95% | 60% (Cov Qauv Qhia Tam Sim No) |
| Nqi Tsim Qauv | $ 0.50 rau ib GB / s | $ 5.00 rau ib GB / s (cov khoom ntim khoom) |
| Kev hlob | Paub tab nrog tsim cov txheej txheem | Kev cog lus tias Lab Demos, cov nyom ua lag luam |
Tshuab Hloov Cov Ntsiab Lus
Nqi Parity Projection
Kev sib tw cov nyom thiab cov kev daws teeb meem
Kev sib xyaw ua ke
Muab kev sib xyaw ua ke Photo rau DCI daim ntawv thov nthuav tawm cov kev sib tw tseem ceeb. Raug ntau pua lossis ntau lab ntawm cov khoom siv ua ke rau ntawm ib qho kev siv nyiaj nrog cov nqi xa tuaj yeem tsis pom zoo ntawm cov nplai kev lag luam.
Qhov tseem ceeb tsim cov nyom
Wavelength precision: ± 0.1 nm qhov tseeb yuav tsum tau rau DWDM
Coupling Cov Txheej Txheem: ± 0.5 μm Kev Ua Phem Rau Cov Nyiaj Txiag Fiber ntau
Cov txheej txheem kev sib dhos:<5% variation across 300 mm wafers
Thermal Stability: ± 0.5 Degree Ntsuas Kub Tswjhwm Qhov Tseeb
Kev txiav txim siab ntseeg tau
Ntev -} sij hawm kev cia siab rau dci cov kev xav tau kev tsim nyog tau txais kev tsim nyog:
Nrov laus:10,000 teev ntawm 85℃/ 85% av noo
Thermal Cycling:1,000 voj voog ntawm -40℃rau +85 degree
Mechanical Swb:1,500 g ib nrab -} sine mem tes kuaj
Kev co: 20 g random kev co, 10 hz mus rau 2 khz
Cov khoom siv kho tshiab tam sim no ua rau muaj 10⁻¹⁵ haum (ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam hluav taws xob tiv thaiv hluav taws xob kev ntseeg tau rau DCI lub hom phiaj {}} tseem ceeb siv.
Kev txiav txim siab txog kev lag luam rau DCI xa khoom
Tag Nrho Cov Nqi Ntawm Cov Kev Tshawb Xyuas
Kev Lag Luam Adjections
Kev tsim tawm thev naus laus zis yav tom ntej
Cov Qauv Qauv Qauv
Tom ntej no -}} partic tiam kev sib zog ua kom cov ntaub ntawv ua kom nce cov ntaub ntawv dhau mus thiab ua tau zoo:
Pam-4
Yuav ua ob npaug rau kev ua tau zoo rau 2 cov khoom / cim
Kev Sib Koom Tes Nrhiav Kom Tau
Ua rau 400 gb / s ib nthwv dej
Qhov yuam kev txhim kho
Txhim kho qhov txuas txuas Margins los ntawm 8 db
Probarilistic constellation shaping
Tau txais kev ntxiv 1.5 DB rhiab siab
Monolithic Sib Koom Tes Roadmap
Yav Tom Ntej DCI Cov Qauv DCI yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm Monolithic Sib Koom Tes Txog Kev Tawm Tsam uas muab sib txuas ua ke Phoonics thiab hluav taws xob:
2026: Laser koom ua haujlwm
Ua tiav 20% kev ua tau zoo rau ntawm -} nti teeb teeb
2028: Tiav Photonic Tshuab - ntawm-}} nti
Siab sib xyaw cov kev daws teeb meem rau DCI cov ntawv thov
2030: 3D kev sib xyaw
Ua ke sib txuas ntawm cov khoom hluav taws xob thiab cov ntawv sau ua ke hauv cov arched architecture
2032: Quantum dot lasers
Siv qhov ntsuas kub - kev ua haujlwm tsis txaus ntseeg rau kev ntseeg siab dua
Kev Tshaj Tawm Tshuab
PlaMonics
Sub - wavelength kev kaw entra -} compact li
Graphene modulators
100 ghz bandwidth nrog 0.1 fwj / me ntsis ua tau zoo, muaj peev xwm hloov kho siab siab - ceev kho qhov muag kev sib txuas lus
Photonic neural networks
Hauv - network computing rau DCI nrawm nrawm, ua kom cov ntaub ntawv nrawm dua hauv kev sib txuas
Orbital Angular Murchum
Ntau yam muaj qhov ntev tshaj qhov wavelength, muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj peev xwm exponentials
Kev Siv Qauv Qauv Qauv thiab Kev Lag Luam Sib Koom Tes
Cov Qauv Kev Loj Hlob
Ntau yam lub cev ua haujlwm DCI optical specifications kom ntseeg tau tias kev sib cuam tshuam thiab nrawm:
Ieee 802.3
Txhais tau 400gbe thiab 800gbe qauv
Oif
Kev Tsim Cov Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob
Tus tsiaj
Tsim ntawm - board optics specifications
CXL
Txuas ntxiv sib txuas sib txuas ua ke
Kev Lag Luam Consortiums
Kev sib koom tes ua kom nrawm dua DCI kev txhim kho los ntawm kev tshawb fawb qhia thiab cov peev txheej:
AIM Photonics
$ 610 lab tus pej xeem- kev sib koom tes ntiav tos txais kev sib xyaw Photocics raug
Epic
European Photo Photo Kev Ua Haujlwm Sab Consortium hla tus nqi saw
Ipsr
Kev sib xyaw ua ke Photonics Systems Road kev txhim kho rau kev npaj thev naus laus zis
Kev qhib qhib
Multi -} Qhov Chaw Pom Zoo Rau Kho Qhov Muag Tshuab Enabling Instteroperable DCI Solutions
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Siv rau DCI Cov Kws Tsim Qauv
Kev Txij Nkawm Ntawm Chav Ntim
Kev ua tiav DCI kho qhov muag siv yuav tsum muaj cov hau kev siv hluav taws xob:
Yuav tsum tau tsom xam
Txhais cov bandwidth, latency, thiab kev ntseeg tau cov hom phiaj raws li kev thov kev pab
Txuas nyiaj txiag nyiaj txiag
Tus account rau txhua qhov kev ploj ntawm cov tshuab thiab cov npoo nrog rau qhov kub kub hloov
Kev Npaj Nyiaj Pov Hwm Nyiaj Txiag
Suav nrog tag nrho cov nquag thiab passive cov cheebtsam nrog cov cua sov tswj cov nyiaj siv ua ntej
Thermal Tsim
Siv kev ua kom txias thiab txias rau kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov
Kev Npaj Siab
Tsim 1+1}} +1}} tiv thaiv schemes rau lub hom phiaj rau lub hom phiaj
Kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws
Cov kev coj ua pov thawj rau DCI kho qhov muag siv suav nrog:
Tswj 3 db txuas margin rau ntev- sij hawm kev ntseeg tau tsuas yog kev laus
Ua raws kev sib txuas sib npaug rau cov kev sib txawv channel thiab kub nyhav
Tso rau kev kho qhov muag pom zoo saib xyuas rau kev txij nkawm
Tsim kom muaj kev tu cov txheej txheem rau kev cuam tshuam kho qhov muag kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem teeb meem
Cov ntaub ntawv txhua fiber ntau txoj kev ua haujlwm rau kev daws teeb meem
Tsim rau Scalility kom haum raws li yav tom ntej bandwidth hloov tshiab nrog tsawg dua rank
Ua ib puag ncig kev sim hauv qab phem -} rooj plaub ua ntej xa tawm
Ua raws kev tsim nyog cable kom txo qis bend poob thiab kev ntxhov siab