Coherent Optics Kov Muaj Peev Xwm Loj Kis

 

 

Coherent optics pab siab siab - muaj peev xwm sib kis tau, tso nyiaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv los kis cov ntaub ntawv ntau dua li kev siv fiber ntau dua li kev siv hluav taws xob- txoj kev siv. Cov tshuab no siv teeb liab teeb liab ua ntawm ob qho chaw xa hluav taws xob thiab cov nqi sib kis tau los ntawm 100g mus rau 1.000 mais kev deb tshaj 1,000 mais.

 

 

Cov nyhuv muaj peev xwm

 

Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov kev sib cais optics dag nyob rau hauv cas lawv siv lub teeb ntawm lub cev lub cev. Tsoos ntawm - tawm cov keying tshuab Tog kev siv binary, txwv kev muaj peev xwm mus kwv yees li 10 gb / s ib nthwv dej. Coherent Systems ua ke ib txhij hloov peb yam khoom ywj pheej: amplitude sib txawv, theem hloov, thiab polarization hais cov dav hlau nyob rau ob lub dav hlau orthogon.

Qhov ntau - Qhov seem dog encoding tsim dab tsi engineers hu spectral effecticym zoo li. Ib coherent system siv dual- polarization quadrinque ua haujlwm sib txuas nrog plaub lub cim, piv rau ib qho me ntsis hauv cov nruab nrab. Thaum ua ke nrog cov swmulation kev ua tiav zoo li 64-Qam (Quadrinature offurition), coerent transceage thawb kev ua tau zoo rau theoretical shannon txwv.

Lub peev xwm nce yog ntau - coherent optics xa mus txog 80- tawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb. Cov nyhuv sib txuam no tau tshwm sim yam tsis muaj kev sib txuas ntxiv, ua kom sib haum Teherent Technically kev lag luam kom txaus nyiam rau Network cov haujlwm ntsib Bandwidth kev txwv.

Lub cim digital teeb liab cov txheej txheem hauv Coherent lub tshuab kov cov cim ntau tshaj 100 gbaud hauv kev siv tam sim no. Txhua lub cim nqa ntau qhov chaw los ntawm kev tswj hwm theem thiab qib amplitude. Ib qho 64-Qam system, piv txwv li, sawv cev rau 64 txawv teeb liab xeev los ntawm kev sib txuas nrog rau cov cim qhia tsis zoo thoob plaws kev sib tw.

 

Yuav ua li cas digital teeb liab ua kom ntev {}} deb kev kis

 

Muaj peev xwm nyob deb nrug sib cais cais cov khoos phis tawm ntawm lwm tus. DSP chips kos duab hauv coherent transceivers ua tiag tiag kev them nyiaj rau cov cim kev tsis txaus ntseeg uas yuav txwv tsis pub cov cim hluav taws xob.

Chromatic dispersion ua rau sib txawv lub teeb pom kev deb ntawm kev sib txawv me ntsis nrawm los ntawm fiber ntau, kis optical pulses. Nyob rau hauv 10g tshuab, qhov no yuav tsum muaj kev rho tawm lub cev kev them lub cev cov qauv txhua 60-80 kilometers. Coherent DSPs thov kev hloov pauv lej kev hloov pauv kom tsim kho dua lub teeb liab thawj zaug, tshem tawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qub.

Polarization hom dispersion qhia ntxiv lwm qhov kev sib tw. Kho qhov muag tau kho qhov muag tau muaj me me tsis zoo uas txhais tau tias ua rau ob lub chaw ua haujlwm ntawm ob lub chaw ncig xyuas kev mus ncig ntawm kev sib txawv. Coherent processors nrawm taug qab lub xeev ntawm polarization kom tsis txhob muaj qhov yuam kev, thaum tseem tab tom txhim kho kev thev taus rau polarization-. DSP hloov kho tshiab no ntau zaus ntawm ib zaug thib ob, yoog hloov pauv cov xwm txheej fiber ntau.

Kev yuam kev rov qab rau DSP ntxiv cov qauv ntaub ntawv uas siv tau los tshawb xyuas yam tsis muaj kev xa tawm. High - Nws tau txais kev txiav txim siab dua thaum muaj ntau dua rau kev ncua sijhawm rau kev ncua deb deb.

Qhov kev sib xyaw ntawm cov txheej txheem digital no piav qhia txog vim li cas coherent system ua yuam kev ib txwm muaj - kinter, nrog qee cov kev teeb tsa ntau dua 10,000 mais. DSP yeej tseem ceeb txav kho qhov muag tsim tawm ntawm cov txheej ntawm lub cev rau hauv software algorithms.

 

Kev Lag Luam Trajectory thiab xa tawm cov nplai

 

Cov khoom siv kho qhov muag kho kho qhov muag ua lag luam pom cov thev naus laus zis ua lag luam. Lub ntiaj teb kev sib tw ua lag luam tawm tsam ntawm $ 16.91 lab daus las hauv 2024 thiab yog npaj kom ncav cuag 2033, xav txog cov lej sib xyaw ntawm 7.8%. Qhov kev loj hlob no stems los ntawm ntau cov haujlwm doolinging conherent technology ib txhij.

Cov ntaub ntawv nruab nrab kev sib txuas ua ke tau haus cov ntim loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov kev sib koom tes. Cov ntaub ntawv thov chaw rau 58% ntawm Digital Cocks Optics Transceitator thov, tsav los ntawm hyperscale cov neeg ua haujlwm sib txuas cov chaw thoob plaws cov chaw nyob hauv Metro thiab cheeb tsam deb. Cov chaw muab kev pab huab yuav tsum tau synchronize cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov chaw faib khoom ntawm thaj chaw, tsim kev xav tau siab rau siab rau qhov siab- muaj peev xwm txuas.

Cov thev naus laus zis spectrum ntau tiam neeg {{m} Kuv tseem muaj kev sib tw ua lag luam, nrog rau cov neeg nqa khoom hauv North America thiab Europe Tsuas siv rau 100G Technology. Lub caij no, 400g lub tshuab sawv cev tam sim no xa cov khoom noj qab zib tam sim no, ntsuas cov thev naus laus zis muaj peev xwm siab.

Newer tiam yog nkag mus rau ntau lawm . 800 m coherent modules tau tsim nyob rau hauv kev xaiv nyob rau hauv kev xaiv nyob rau hauv kev xaiv nyob rau hauv kev xaiv nyob rau hauv kev xaiv nyob rau hauv kev xaiv nyob rau hauv kev xaiv nyob rau hauv kev xaiv nyob rau hauv kev xaiv nyob rau hauv kev xaiv nyob rau hauv kev xaiv nyob rau hauv kev xaiv nyob rau hauv kev xaiv nyob rau hauv kev xaiv nyob rau hauv kev xaiv hauv 2025. Txawm yog cov kev lag luam nyob hauv kev tshawb fawb theem.

Cov Moduleation Stugarable tshwj xeeb tsav nrawm nrawm. Cov kub - swappable transceivers injenate dsp, thiab cov neeg tau txais daim ntawv zoo li QSFP- DD, ua kom nkag ncaj qha rau hauv cov routers thiab hloov pauv. Ntau tshaj 70% ntawm coherent bandwidth xa mus rau hauv 2024 tau nyob rau hauv translgable modules, cim kev ua haujlwm los ntawm cov qauv kab kab rau cov qauv.

 

Kev hloov pauv ntawm kev siv cov xwm txheej sib txawv

 

Network cov neeg ua haujlwm xaiv coherent technology raws li deb thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau, tsim cov qauv sib txawv.

Metro thiab cheeb tsam ntawm cheeb tsam (80-500 km)

Tus qauv 400zr dominates luv luv letter. Cov modules xa 400g muaj peev xwm txog li 120 kilometers siv cov ntawv sau ntsuas ruaj ruaj rau cov ntaub ntawv nruab nrab ua interconnns. ZR + txuas ntxiv kev txhawb nqa mus ze 500 mais ntawm qhov probabilitt constellation conculation, uas dynamically hloov kho cov qauv raws link.

800g ZR / ZR + Modules tau tsim tawm hauv 2025 txuas ntxiv cov qauv no, txhawb nqa cov hom kev sib kis ntau dua 500 km- Performance zr + hom. Cov koom tes network siv cov no rau cov chaw teev cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov cheeb tsam hauv nroog hauv cheeb tsam thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov nroog ze.

Ntev - haul networks (500-2,000 km)

Ntev - deb kev sib kis tau muab ntau dua cov kev hloov kho ntau dua thiab siab dua xa khoom fais fab. Cov kab ke siv QPSK lossis 16-QAM kev hloov kho nrog muaj zog rau pem hauv ntej kho yuam kev. Txo cov hluav taws xob tsawg piv rau cov metro tshuab ua lag luam muaj peev xwm mus cuag, tab sis them nyiaj ua haujlwm los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob wavelength.

Tus neeg raug long - haul system multxxes 80 {}} 96 wavelengths mus rau ib khub fiber ntau. Ntawm 400g ib nthwv dej, cov peev txheej tag nrho muaj peev xwm txog 32 - 38 terabits ib ob. Reconfigurable kho qhov muag ntxiv - poob ntau yam uas muaj kev sib cav sib ceg tsis muaj qhov hloov kho hluav taws xob.

Subsea thiab ultra - ntev - haul (2,000-10,000 km)

Submarine cable txuas cov teb chaws xa tawm cov thev naus laus zis ntau tshaj, thiab kev ntseeg tau ntev heev, thiab kev ntseeg tau ntev los ntawm kev sib tw kho kho kho qhov muag.

Submility supping shaping, uas kho cov ntsiab lus sib npaug raws li lub cim kev sib tw, rho tawm qhov siab tshaj plaws thaum tswj yuam kev - free tauj. Cov kab ke no ua haujlwm sab nraud ntawm kev ua kom muaj zog ntawm 50-80 kmtification sib txuam tab sis cia siab rau ntawm DSP lub peev xwm los them nyiaj rau kev ua haujlwm fiber ntau nonlinearities.

 

Cov kev cov nyom ntawm kev nrawm dua

 

Scaling Coherent Systems rau 800g, 1.6T, thiab dhau kev nthuav qhia kev tsim txua cov kev txwv uas tsis tseem ceeb ntawm 100g.

Kos npe - rau - suab nrov} suab nrov sib piv deg

Siab dua - Kev txiav txim siab hloov kho schemes ntim ntau cov cim ntxiv rau ib lub cim ntau tab sis txo qhov sib nrug ntawm cov ntsiab lus constellation. Lub ntsiab lus 64-Qam nrog 64 lub teeb liab xeev muaj ntau dua Euclidean ntau dua ntawm cov ntsiab lus piv rau QPSK plaub lub xeev. Ib lub suab nrov lossis distortion ua rau cov cim harder kom paub qhov txawv, nce qib ua yuam kev nce qib zuj zus.

Qhov kev daws teeb meem cuam tshuam ntxiv rau pem hauv ntej yuam kev kho algorithms, tab sis fec ntxiv suav ua haujlwm. Muaj zog fec sib xyaw rau hauv DSP tuaj yeem ntxiv rau lub zog thiab cov peev nyiaj tso cua sov, tsim cov thermal kev tswj hwm kev sib tw hauv densely-} packed khoom. Cov neeg muag khoom tshuav FEC lub zog tiv thaiv kev siv fais fab thiab latency.

Analog tiv thaiv bandwidth txwv

Raws li cim tus nqi nce ntawm 32 GBaud rau 100 GBaud thiab dhau ntawd, kev sib tw dhau los yuav tsum ua kom muaj kev kub ntxhov ntau ntau. Cov teeb liab distort tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom sib txuas lus hauv lub tshuab xa khoom thiab tus txais yuav ua qhov teeb meem loj uas yog cim nyiaj nce thiab qib siab dua.

Modulators yuav tsum muaj cov hluav taws xob bandwidth kom paub tseeb qhov siab - ceev cov paib. PHOTODETSORS THIAB CARIANPERPERANCE Amplifactfiers Ampifiers Zoo Dua Hloov Kho Cov Teeb Meem rau Hluav Taws Xob Tsis Muaj Peev Xwm Kev Qhia Tsis Muaj Yam Tsis Muaj Peev Xwm Kev Qhia Txog Cov Hluav Taws Xob Tsis Muaj Chaw Tsis Txaus Siab {. Analog - {{{5} Cov nqi hloov pauv digital xav tau cov nqi thiab daws teeb meem tsav tsheb thiab tus nqi.

Nonlinear fiber ntau

OVATUL Fiber cov khoom ua yeeb yam tsis muaj zog ntawm cov neeg muaj zog siab. Cov kerr ua rau cov ntsuas hluav taws xob kom sib txawv, tsim kev siv tus kheej {{}}}}}}}}} avelavelhrchs nyob rau hauv DWDM tshuab. Plaub {{4} Wave Mixing tsim cov cim qhia ntawm cov cim tshiab, nyiag} nqa wavelength.

DSPs siv cov nyiaj them dawb nonlinear algorithms, tab sis cov no yuav tsum muaj cov peev txheej tseem ceeb. Cov lej ua lej txuam nrog kev daws teeb meem nonlinear schrödinger equabation piav qhia lub teeb tshaj tawm los ntawm fiber ntau. Ua cov nplai ua haujlwm tsis zoo nrog qhov deb thiab naj npawb ntawm wavelengths, yuam kev ua lag luam}}} tawm ntawm cov nyiaj tau raug them thiab DSP nyiaj fais fab hluav taws xob.

 

 

Qhov kev cuam tshuam

 

Thaum Ntxov Coherent System Thaum Ntxov txom nyem los ntawm tus muag khoom xauv - hauv. Txhua lub chaw tsim khoom siv cov qauv kev ua haujlwm thiab FEC algorithms hauv lawv cov DSPs, xav tau kev sib raug zoo transceivers ntawm ob qho kawg ntawm qhov txuas. Qhov tsim kev txwv tsis pub muaj kev txwv thiab lub network tsim yooj.

Coherent optical modules tau raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev tsis sib xws, xav tau Optics los ntawm tib lub tuam txhab ntawm qhov txuas tau sib txawv vim muaj kev sib txawv ntawm kev daws teeb meem thiab coding. Lub Rooj Sib Tham Interneting cov kev cog lus no los ntawm kev cog lus kev cog lus uas ua rau cov ntawv sau ua ke, cov lej FEC, thiab kev tswj hwm tus lej.

Lub 400zr specification, ua tiav hauv 2020, txhais tau ib qho taag QPSU tus qauv ntsuas nrog cov lus FEC tshwj xeeb. Qhov no enabled mult - vendor sib cuam tshuam rau thawj thawj zaug hauv kev sib txuam optic. Cov koom haum Network tuaj yeem yuav cov qauv hloov los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom sib txawv thiab teeb tsa kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj kev sim ua haujlwm.

Openzr + Extends Interoperitility mus ntev dua los ntawm kev ua qauv ua ntej cov qauv thiab ntau hom kev ntsuas. Transceaterivers Kev Ua Haujlwm Kev Ua Haujlwm Thaum LINK THAWJ KEV CAI, xaiv cov qauv zoo rau cov xwm txheej fiber tam sim no. Qhov kev hloov kho no pab cov ua haujlwm ua kom muaj peev xwm ntau ntawm cov nroj tsuag fiber ntau.

OIF tau pib siv rau ntawm 1.6T coherent optical interconnect cov kev daws teeb meem hauv 2024 thiab tab tom nce mus txog 1600zr thiab 1600zr + kev sib cog lus. Txhua tiam yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm tshiab ua haujlwm kom sib npaug kev ua tau zoo rau kev txwv tsis pub muaj.

 

Cov kev xav txog lub zog txuag hluav taws xob

 

Coherent tshuab haus ntau lub zog ntau zaus kis tau los piv rau qhov kev xaiv tsa ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg raws li cov ntaub ntawv tsheb loj heev.

Ib qho 400g coherent pluggable module feem ntau kos 15 {- 20 watts, nrog DSP Accounting rau 8} 12 watts. Hauv kev sib piv, ib qho 400g ncaj qha-ntes module noj 10-12 watts tag nrho. Qhov sib tw getens ntawm khib nplai-ib router nrog 36 coherent ports kos 550-700 watts rau optics xwb.

Txawm li cas los xij, system - theem kev ua tau zoo qhia ib zaj dab neeg sib txawv. Cov Kev Pab Cuam Infrastructure muaj 97% lub zog txuag nyiaj, thaum lwm tus neeg teb kev siv 64% kev siv nyiaj tsawg. Cov nyiaj khaws cia no los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag ntawm cov khoom siv kho dua tshiab, txo qhov chaw tsheb, txias yuav tsum tau, thiab tswj hwm kev tswj hwm.

Kev xam tau zoo nyob ntawm cov kev xaiv architecture. Cov tes hauj lwm tsoos siv cov routers rau hloov thiab cais DWDM systems rau ntev {}}} - Kev hloov pauv hloov pauv ntawm txhua ciam. Coherent pluggables Pab tau IP {{}} tshaj {{8} routers beadm wavelengths, tshem tawm cov txheej txheem cua dub.

DSP Kev Siv Fais Fab txhim kho nrog txhua tiam los ntawm cov txheej txheem cmos me me}}} nm d Cov txuj ci ntim tau zoo li cov khoom silicon photonics tseem yuav txo lub zog los ntawm cov hluav taws xob shrical inconnns.

 

Tus Nqi Nqi thiab Economic Harbors

 

Coherent optics tau hais txog tus nqi hwm hwm, kev txwv kev xa tawm rau Long - haul networks uas lwm yam kev xaiv tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag. Kev ua lag luam Dynamics tau hloov chaw cov ciaj kev lag luam no.

Kev sib xyaw ua ke sib xyaw ua ke sib xyaw. Silicon poticing thiab kev loj hlob ntawm 7nm DSPLE Pab ntaub uas muaj xws li DSP, laser, {NTAUS, thiab RF sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov monolithic substrate. Qhov kev sib xyaw no txo ​​cov khoom lag luam nyuaj thiab txhim kho qoob loo.

Cov qauv tsim cov qauv tsim hluav taws xob nrawm los ntawm kev nthuav dav nthuav dav thoob plaws hauv cov khoom loj dua. Ib qsfp - dd tus qauv ua haujlwm rau ntau tus neeg muag khoom thiab cov ntawv thov, tsis zoo li cov khoom lag luam kab nrog cov khoom lag luam tsis zoo. Ntau tshaj 20 lab 400g thiab 800g Datacom Kho Qhov muag Kev xa khoom hauv 2024, tsim kev lag luam ntawm cov nplai uas tsis muaj ntau tiam neeg.

Tus nqi crossover taw tes txav ze rau cov npoo network. Tsib xyoos tas los, kev sib koom tes technology tau txiav txim siab tsuas yog dhau li 500 mais. Niaj hnub no, 400zr Modules sib tw kev lag luam ntawm 80-120 kilometers, tshwj xeeb yog thaum muaj kev siv nyiaj pab nyiaj los ntawm cov qauv txheej txheem yooj yim. Qee tus neeg ua haujlwm xa cov txheej txheem coherent rau 40-kilometer Metro Links uas tag nrho cov nqi ntawm cov tswv cuab qhia txog kev siv peev txheej tau npaj npe.

Nqe yaig txuas ntxiv raws li kev sib tw ua kom muaj zog. Datacenter Interconnect Cov ntawv thov tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Couggable Coherent modules hauv 2024, nrog Marvell, Acacia, thiab CIena yog cov neeg xa khoom loj. Ntau tus neeg muag khoom muab cov khoom sib tw sib tw hnav qib khoom, txawm tias kev ua thawj coj thev naus laus zis tseem ua raws li cov lus txib.

 

Kev sib xyaw nrog wavelength division multiplexing

 

Coherent Optics ua tiav qhov kev cuam tshuam ntau tshaj plaws thaum ua ke nrog DWDM, khoo per {{0} {} cov peev xwm muaj peev xwm mus rau hauv cov neeg siv cov fiber ntau.

DWDM haum nce mus txog 96 channel nrog txhua xim nqa cov teeb liab distrige. Thaum txhua lub moos hluav taws xob nqa tau 400G ntawm kev sib koom tes ua ke, tag nrho cov peev xwm mus txog 38.4 qhov kev txiav txim siab rau ib khub fiber ntau. Cov txiaj ntsig sib npaug no piav qhia yog vim li cas fiber ntau tuaj yeem hloov ntau pua ntawm cov kev sib txuas sib txuas.

Coherent Systems Ua Yooj Yim DWDM xa cov kev pabcuam piv rau kom raug {{0} Nrhiav txoj hauv kev. Coherent kho qhov muag kev sib txuas lus tshem tawm tshem tawm cov kev them nyiaj tsis tau los ntawm DWDM, vim tias cov haujlwm no ua tiav los ntawm DSP. Ua ntej DWDM ntau tiam neeg yuav tsum ua tib zoo cov mapsered engersion Maps, tso DCMS ntawm kev ncua tshwj xeeb los them rau cov chromatic dispersion forsup.

Saj zawg zog daim phiaj vaj tse Architectures Account muaj peev xwm ntxiv. Tsoos DWDM siv tsau 50 GHZ lossis 100 GHZ channel sib nrug. Spectral sacing tso cai rau cov neeg nqa khoom kom raug muab ze ze ua ke kom ua tau peev xwm ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv cov phiaj pob puab tsaig. Ib qho 400g coherent channel yuav nyob 75 ghz ntawm spectrum nrog lim dej kom tsim nyog tsuas yog 37.5 GHz, koom nrog cov wavelengths rau cov fiber ntau.

Nyquist mem tes shaping secreading Qhov dav dav ntawm kev sib kis ntawm cov paib ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm kev siv cov lim hauv DSP. Qhov no txo ​​cov bands nruab nrab ntawm ib sab DWDM channels, nce tag nrho cov peev txheej ntawm 10-20% piv rau cov cim tsis ua haujlwm. Cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo sib koom ua ke ntawm cov xov tooj cua thiab cov neeg txais DSP kom zam cov teeb liab degradation.

 

Kev ua tau zoo los ntawm probabilistic shaling

 

Kev Sib Tw CoHerent system ua lag luam probabilistic confellation shaping kom rho tawm cov peev txheej ntxiv los ntawm kev sib txuas lus Fiber. Cov txheej txheem no tau hloov kho ntau npaum li cas lub cim sib txawv ntawm lub zog tshwm sim hauv lub teeb liab sib kis.

Qeb System Rhiav cov txheej txheem constellation ntsiab lus uniformly thoob plaws qhov chaw thiab theem chaw. Probrarilistic shaping kev xa khoom tsawg - Cov cim kev xa mus ntau dua li qhov kev sib kis tau ntau dua li cov peev xwm sib kis tau ua rau lub peev xwm hla dhau ntawm Shannon Theory.

Cov txiaj ntsig tau los ntawm kev teeb liab - rau - suab sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv fiber ntau. Siab - Cov cim amplitude yuav tsum tau hloov ntau lub zog loj thiab muaj cov suab nrov tshaj plaws. Los ntawm kev txo qis lawv qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim, lub system tswj hwm qis dua lub zog nruab nrab thaum ua tiav cov lus qhia hauv qab SNR tej yam kev txwv.

800g Zr + Modules ua tiav dhau 1,000 {{4} kev ua tau zoo nrog cov qauv kev ua tau zoo nrog cov ntaub ntawv qis dua. Cov neeg ua haujlwm ua haujlwm hloov kho cov modules rau kev ua lag luam rau kev deb raws li fiber ntau zoo thiab amplifier uas muaj nyob hauv txoj kev tshwj xeeb.

Cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau siv DSP cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab ntxiv computicality. Transmitters yuav tsum paub cov ntaub ntawv rau hauv tsis - cov cim uas tsis muaj hnub faib tawm, thaum tau txiav txim siab cov qauv no raug. Cov kev siv tam sim no tsom rau Gaussian {3} Daim ntawv xa khoom tawm uas muab ze rau {}} kev ua tau zoo nrog kev ua yeeb yam yooj yim.

 

Daim Ntawv Thov hauv Submarine Cable Tshuab

 

Undersea Fiber networks tshwm sim sawv cev rau cov cuab yeej xav tau tshaj plaws rau cov thev naus laus zis, kev ntseeg tau thiab muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam nrog cov kev sib txuas lus thoob ntiaj teb.

Submarine Cabe Span txhiab tus mais tsis muaj kev nkag mus nruab nrab cov ntsiab lus rau kev saib xyuas lossis hloov khoom dua tshiab. Coherent Opics Txo cov nqi pib thiab kev siv fais fab ntawm submarine tes hauj lwm thaum txhim kho lawv txoj kev ruaj ntseg thiab teeb liab kev ncaj ncees. Lub thev naus laus zis muaj peev xwm tswj yuam kev-} dawb kis tau ntau dua ua rau nws tseem ceeb rau cov kev teeb tsa no.

Niaj hnub nimno cov txheej txheem xa 16 {- 24 fiber pab rau ib rab txuas nrog 80-120 ib lub wavelengths ntawm 200-400g ib yoj. Tag nrho cov cable muaj peev xwm ncav ntau qhov patchs ib ob. Kev siv peev txheej Per-fiber ntau enabled los ntawm coherent technology txo cov zauv uas xav tau, txo nqi cable thiab lub cev loj npaum li cas.

Submarine cov tshuab siv tshwj xeeb DSP algorithms los tuav cov kev sib tw txawv. Qhov kub ntau nyias nrog cov dej hiav txwv tob tob cuam tshuam cov yam ntxwv fiber ntau. Tubrog nkoj ua kom muaj cov microbent uas yuav txawv polarization hais. DSP tsis tu ncua ntxiv rau cov chaw ib puag ncig thoob plaws 25-xyoo tsim lub neej ntawm submarine cabrarine cable.

Kho cov xwm txheej tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev sib txuas ntxiv. Thaum twg cov cable muaj kev puas tsuaj rau kev sib tw, cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem hloov kho wavelengths kom muaj kev pab cuam thaum muaj kev poob qis ntawm cov ntsiab lus splice. Qhov no hloov tau txo cov txheej txheem nyuaj piv rau cov tshuab tsau.

 

Ib Leeg - Fiber ntau Bidirectional kis

 

Cov kev tsim kho tsis ntev los no pab kom muaj kev sib kis tau sib kis tau ntau dua li cov khub uas tsis muaj nyiaj ntau rau cov muaj peev xwm.

Kev sib txuas ntawm ib txwm muaj kev sib kis ib txwm siv ob lub wavelengths los nqa cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov lus qhia rov qab siv diplexers lossis kivrmulators. Cov kauj ruam no ua haujlwm rau qis - ceev system tab sis ua tau zoo heev vim yog wavelengthench tswj kev yuav tsum tau ua.

XR optics Architecture Siv Cov Teeb Pom Kev Kawm Txog Kev Sib Kis Digital thiab Kev Txais Tos Rau Cov Khoom Siv Ib Leeg Thaum tso tawm thoob plaws 64 wavelengths, muaj peev xwm ncav 12,8 TB / s ntawm ib qho strand.

Cov txheej txheem tseev kom muaj kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm. Cov ntu sib txawv digital nyob hauv ib qho wavelength's bandwidth, nrog xa cov lus qhia siv tsis yog-}} overlapping specting cheeb tsam. DSP ua yeeb yam lim kom cais cov khoom sib xyaw no, tswj kom muaj kev sib cais txaus ntawm cov lus qhia.

Ib qho kev sib koom tes ib qho kev lag luam - fiber ntau coherent pluggable Options thiab zam kev siv nyiaj tseem ceeb thiab lub sijhawm xav tau rau nruab cov fibers tshiab. Qhov qauv no pab cov ua haujlwm ntsib kev sib tw fiber ntau hauv cov khoom noj lossis duct.

 

Muaj peev xwm kev lag luam pathways

 

Qhov kev sib tw optent optics Roadmap txuas ntxiv ntawm 800g thiab 1.6T lub cev, txawm hais tias lub cev tsis sib haum ua nyuaj dua ntawm txhua tiam.

Microsoft thiab lwm qhov kev pab cuam hyperscale huab ua rau muaj kev tshawb fawb kho qhov muag thiab ntsuas cov phiaj xwm kev lag luam Cov teeb meem kev tsim teeb meem txuas ntxiv txuas ntxiv tau los ntawm AI workloads thiab hyperscale ua haujlwm.

Cim cim tus nqi nce ib txoj hauv kev. Tam sim no 100 GBaud lub tshuab muaj peev xwm hloov zuj zus mus rau 140 gbaud lossis siab dua, txawm tias qhov no yuav tsum muaj qhov sib txuam sib txuas hauv txhua qhov kev sib txuas. Cov Khoom Siv Physics Txwv txawv npaum li cas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nrawm npaum li cas tuaj yeem togpegle thiab ntau npaum li cas bandwidth thiab ntau npaum li cas bandwidth capodetectors tuaj yeem ua cov txheej txheem.

Siab dua - kev txiav txim cov qauv muaj lwm txoj avenue. Tsiv los ntawm 64 {- qab teb rau 256 {}}}}}}} Cov ntsiab lus nce ntxiv, tab sis cov ntsiab lus sib luag tsis muaj qhov sib ze. Cov kev mus ze no ua haujlwm tsuas yog ua tau zoo heev, luv-nrug txuas lossis yuav tsum muaj ntau dua haib FEC Codes.

Qhov txawv tebchaws multixing los ntawm ntau -} {}} hom fibers sawv cev kom ntev dua- xyoo tau. Cov fibers muaj ntau yam kev ywj pheej spatial raws li ib qho strand. Cov thev naus laus zis tseem nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb, xav tau cov tshiab ntawm lub amplifiers, multemlexers, thiab dsp algorithms los coj spatial channel crosstalk.

Co -}} packing optics yuav pab tau ib sab ntawm daim duab, txo cov hluav taws xob ntawm kev sib koom ua ke thiab silicon participe} Qhov no txoj kev ntsib kev sib tw sib tw ib puag ncig tawm thiab cov kev tswj hwm cua sov.

 

Cov Lus Nquag Nug

 

Kev txhawb nqa optent opt ​​opt ​​opt

Coherent optical Systems Ua tau 80 zaus muaj peev xwm ntau dua li cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb, theem, thiab polarization ib txhij. Cov kev siv tam sim no muaj los ntawm 100g rau 800g rau 800g rau ntawm kev tsim khoom, nrog 1.6T nkag mus rau 96 wavelengthe muaj zog tshaj 38 terabits ib ob.

Nyob deb li cas thiaj li muaj kev sib haum Optic xa tawm yam tsis muaj teeb liab kev tsim khoom?

Kis tau deb yog nyob ntawm kev ua qauv thiab cov ntaub ntawv ua tau zoo. Metro 400zr nruab nrog 120 kilometers, thaum ZR + txuas rau 500 kilometers. Ntev - haul concidations nrog QPSK kev daws teeb meem thiab muaj zog rau kev kho yuam kev kho tau ua tiav 2,000 mais. Submarine caby tshuab siv qhov probabilistic shaping thiab tshwj xeeb DSP algorithms tshaj li 10,000 mais ntawm cov ntsiab lus regeneration.

Dab tsi ua rau coherent DSP tseem ceeb rau kev kub -} muaj peev xwm kis tau?

Cov txheej txheem teeb liab digital uas ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm ntev uas ua rau ntev - deb, siab}-}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} kev muaj peev xwm txuas. Lawv them nyiaj rau chromatic dispersion thiab polarization hom dispersion lej lejcatically, tshem tawm lub cev kev them nyiaj kho mob. Lawv siv rau pem hauv ntej kev txhim kho algorithms uas pom thiab kho cov kis tsis tau. Lawv ua kev sib koom ua ke los ntawm kev ua ob qho tib si hauv -}}}} pa taws cov khoom sib xyaw, rov qab cov ntaub ntawv theem uas nqa cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv.

Vim li cas thiaj yog Coherent Technology ntau kim dua li ncaj qha - nrhiav kev xaiv?

Coherent transceivers yuav tsum tau sophisticated dsp chips DSP ib leeg account rau 40 -} 50% ntawm tus nqi hloov tus nqi. Txawm li cas los xij, kev System-qib lag luam kev lag luam nyiam sib txuam nrog kev ncua ntev tshaj li 80-120 mais thaum muaj cov khoom siv tshem tawm los ntawm cov qauv txheej txheem yooj yim.

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Qho tseem ceeb

ViaVi daws - Dab tsi yog Coherent Optics (https://www.viavisolutions.com)

NTT R & D - yav tom ntej kev loj hlob ntawm digital coherent optical kis tshuab

Ciena - Dab tsi yog Coherent Optics (https://www.ciena.com)

Straits Kev Tshawb Nrhiav - coherent optical khoom lag luam loj 2024-2033

Kev loj hlob thoob ntiaj teb kev loj hlob Insights - Cov digital coherent optics Transcceolic kev ua lag luam 2025-2034

Acacia Kev sib txuas lus - coherent optods Outlook 2025 (/ acacia- inc.com)

Cignal Ai - 800 GBE Optics Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam 2025

Coherent Corp . - 800 g zr / zr + khoom tshaj tawm 2025

Infinera {- ib - Fiber Coearical Kab Mob Sib Tw Kawm 2024

FiberMall - coherent kho qhov muag kev sib txuas lus thev naus laus zis 2025