Coherent optical system suits ntev log networks

 

Coherent optical system enable cov ntaub ntawv kis tau tshaj li 1,000 mais los ntawm kev teeb tsa lub teeb pom kev zoo, theem, thiab polarization. Cov tshuab siv cov teeb liab digital cov txheej txheem kom them rau cov kev tsis taus hluav taws xob thiab kev txhawb nqa kis tau los ntawm 100g rau 1.6 TBPS ib nthwv dej.

 

Yuav ua li cas coherent optical tshuab ua haujlwm

 

 

Kev siv kho lub tshuab siv hluav taws xob cia siab rau kev siv cov kev hloov kho, hloov lub teeb thiab tawm los sawv cev cov ntaub ntawv binary. Qhov kev cuam tshuam no txwv tsis pub tshaj tawm cov kwv yees li 10 gigabits ib thib ob thiab kev nyuaj nrog cov kev ncua deb tshaj li ntau pua mais. Ib lub zog kho kho qhov muag tawg los ntawm cov kev txwv no los ntawm kev tswj hwm ntau yam khoom ntawm lub teeb ua ke.

Technology encodes cov ntaub ntawv thoob plaws peb qhov ntev: amplitude (teeb liab lub zog), yoj txoj hauj lwm), thiab polarization (kev saib xyuas ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob). Los ntawm sib txawv tag nrho peb lub zog, cov txheej txheem sib cais pob ntim cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv rau txhua lub teeb mem iav. Ib qho wavelength ib tug 16 {- pest 4 bits rau ib lub cim, piv rau tsuas yog 1 me ntsis rau ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov key.

Cov txheej txheem teeb liab digital tsim cov nruab rau hluav taws xob ntawm cov kab ke no. DSP ua ntau txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb: Hloov pauv ntawm cov cim hluav taws xob thiab kev hloov kho qhov tsis zoo, kho kho qhov muag tau hloov pauv ntawm qhov yuam kev txhim kho algorithms, thiab kev soj ntsuam kev sib txuas ua haujlwm ntxiv. Tsis ntev los no DSP kev siv kev siv 3 {{4 4}}}} {}} {}}} {cov coherent pluggable modules uas haum rau ntawm QSFP-DD Daim Ntawv Ua Haujlwm thaum siv sijhawm hauv 25 watts.

Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm tus txais nyiaj tau siv Oscillator hauv zos Laser tuned rau tib zaus raws li cov teeb liab tuaj. Lub zos no oscillator sib tov nrog cov teeb liab tau txais hauv lub cim kho qhov muag, ua cov teeb tsa theem nrab zaus uas khaws txhua cov ntaub ntawv encoded. PHOTODETTSORS ces hloov lub teeb liab no rau hluav taws xob, qhov chaw DSP retectitions cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb uas rov qab cov txheej txheem encoding thiab them nyiaj rau sau distortions.

 

Vim li cas ntev log networks cov tshuab npaj cov tshuab

 

Ntev -}} haul networks ntsib cov kev sib tw tshwj xeeb uas ua rau cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb. Cov kev sib txuas no feem ntau yog 0,000 txog 10,000 mais, cov nroog sib txuas, lub teb chaws, thiab cov ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm cov hluav taws xob hauv av thiab submarine cable.

Teeb liab attenuation nce linarly nrog kev deb. Txawm tias nrog niaj hnub ultra - qis {{}}}} km kilometer span accumulates 360 DB ntawm kev ploj. E{ -} doped fiber ntau tshaj plaws ntxiv rau lub teeb liab, tab sis txhua qhov nrov} 14} - suab sib piv. Ib coherent optical system ua tiav 20 db dua cov neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo dua piv rau cov cim qhia ncaj qha, tso cai rau cov suab qhia kom pom tau ntau dua ua ntej.

Chromatic dispersion ua rau sib txawv wavelengths ntawm lub teeb mus ncig ntawm me ntsis sib txawv los ntawm fiber ntau. Tshaj dhau mus deb, cov nyhuv ntev ua rau mulse kis uas blibe uas nyob ib sab ua ke. Polarization hom kev tawg ua cov teeb meem zoo ib yam li thaum ob plab polarization ntawm lub teeb mus ncig ntawm kev sib txawv. Yuav tsum muaj cov kev them nyiaj kho raws li lub cev muaj kev faib tawm hauv lub cev kev them nyiaj kho mob txhua ob peb spans, ntxiv tus nqi thiab cov nyom. Coherent DSPS kov ob hom kev faib tawm hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob, tshem tawm cov kev xav tau ntawm cov ntsuas kho kho qhov muag thiab ua kom tau siv tau ua ntej.

Cov kev sib cav sib haum xeeb rau cov cuab yeej thev naus laus zis tau ua piv txwv ntawm cov kev sib txawv dhau 200 mais. Ib qho 400g Zr Coherent Plugabable Module cov nqi ntau dua li qhov sib npaug ntawm kev ua kom pom tseeb thiab cov chaw tsim khoom dua tshiab uas yuav tsum muaj los ntawm cov kab ntawv qhia ncaj qha. Cov koom tes ua haujlwm network uas Coherent system txo tus lej ntawm 60% rau $ 2 lab ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab cov nqi vaj tsev.

Niaj hnub no ntev - haul system ua haujlwm ntau yam wavelengths ib txhij siv ntom wavessength. Ib qho c- band DWDM system nqa 80-96 channel nrug 50 GHz sib nrug. Cov Technology thev naus laus zis zoo tshaj plaws tso cai kom ze rau cov channel sib cuam yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Networks siv cov phiaj xwm hloov tau yooj yim tuaj yeem faib cov spectrum dav txhua cov channel xav tau, muab cov peev txheej tag nrho los ntawm 25-30% piv rau cov pob zeb ruaj khov.

 

Kev Tsim Kho Kev Tsim Kho Ntawm Kev Sib Koom Tes Kho Qhov Muag

 

Ua tiav ntev - haul coherent txuas nrog cov transmitter, ntxig ntev, thiab txais cov khoom ua haujlwm hauv kev hais kwv txhiaj.

Lub transmitter pib nrog lub tune sab nraud sab nraud sab nraud sab nraud sab nraud ntawm nqaim {}}} na} band} band} band} band. Linewidth nyob rau hauv 100 khz kom ua kom theem ruaj khov dua qhov kev sib nrug deb. IQ modulator {{{}}} tiag} ua tau ob lub zes makulators {}}}}} pahu cov teeb meem ntawm lub teeb liab kho qhov muag. DSP tsav cov modulator no nrog ua tib zoo cov ntaub ntawv waveFulation uas encode cov ntaub ntawv siv cov ntawv sau xws li DP-QPSK, 16-QAM, lossis 64-QAM, lossis 64-QAM, lossis 64-QAM DEACH.

Fiber ntau ntawm cov kev lag luam Terrestrial feem ntau ntsuas tau 80}}} 2 kilometers, txwv los ntawm kev poob qis thiab muaj cov khoom muaj zog nce. Submarine Cov Nruab Nrab Ua tau tiav kev hloov me ntsis ntawm 100}}}} 120 kilometers vim muaj kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm ntau dua. Lub fiber nws tau hloov kho ntau, nrog G.654.E Cov kev tshwm sim zoo sib xws uas txo cov haujlwm muaj txiaj ntsig zoo uas txo cov fiber ntau qhov ua tiav 0.16 db ib mais.

Inline lub zog txhawb nqa lub teeb liab txhua lub sijhawm tsis hloov mus rau qhov chaw hluav taws xob. E5 -}}}}}}}}}}}}} {}} {- 30 db ntawm nce. L {{8} band Edfas txuas ntxiv muaj peev xwm mus rau kis tau tus kheej, thaum faib cov hluav taws xob rov qab los ntawm cov khoom siv qis dua nrog cov suab qis dua. Advanced systems siv hybrid edfa- raman kev teeb tsa kom ua kom zoo rau lub teeb liab-rau-suab nrov piv thoob plaws qhov txuas.

Tus txais tsom iav ntawm lub transmitter txoj kev nyuaj. Ib tus neeg tau txais kev cai lij choj tau suav nrog cov oscillator hauv zos laser, 90 {}}}℃kho qhov muag, thiab transimpedance amplifas. Siab - ceev analog {5 5}} Cov lus qhia hloov mus rau cov cim ntsuas tau 100 gigasamples ib ob. DSP ces ua tiav moos rov qab los them nyiaj rau chromatic thiab polarization hom kev rov qab, thiab kev ua yuam kev txhim kho kom rov zoo.

Kev yuam kev tom ntej tau dhau los ua kev nce zuj zus. Mos -}}}}}}}}}}}}} {{-}}}}}}} Puas muaj kev ua txhaum ua ntej tshaj 10 ^ -2. Cov lis dej siab tshaj plaws los ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov nyiaj siv ua haujlwm ntxiv, feem ntau 20-27%, tab sis kev ua tau pov thawj ua rau txoj kev ntev.

 

Coherent Optical System Secondifications

 

Cov coherent system ua tiav cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb uas txuas ntxiv txhim kho nrog txhua lub thev naus laus zis.

Kis muaj peev xwm muaj kev sib txawv. Kev ua lag luam hloov ntawm 100g Coherent System nyob ib ncig ntawm 2010 txog rau xyoo 2015 thiab 400g ntawm no {} dhau ib khub fiber ntau. Submarine cabres nrog 8 fiber khub ua tiav tag nrho cov peev xwm tshaj 300 tbps.

Ncav muaj peev xwm nyob ntawm kev ua hom thiab cov nqi baud. Ib qho 400g zr module siv dp - 16qam nce mus txog 120 kilation tsis muaj inline ua kom sov, tsim nyog rau cov chaw hauv cheeb tsam. Qhov 400g ZR + cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb txuas ntxiv qhov no rau 500 kilometers nrog amplification. Ntev - haul khiv optimized siv DP-QPSK ntawm qis Baud tus nqi ua tiav tsis muaj kev ncua deb ntawm 2,000-3,000 mais. Submarine tshuab ua si luv nqi 6,000-10,000 mais ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb, nrog lub siab ntev tshaj plaws lub tshuab sib ceg suav nrog ntau cov ntsiab lus tsaws.

Kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo spectriciency tau ntsuas ntau npaum li cas cov ntaub ntawv ntawm spectrum nqa. Thaum Ntxov Coherent System Tiav 2-3 Cov Khoom Noj Ib zaug rau ib zaug rau hauv Hertz. Cov Systems niaj hnub siv cov kev hloov pauv siab dua, qhov no yog qhov ntsuas channel kaw, thiab nruj channel Qhov kev txhim kho kev ua tau zoo txhais tau tias cov network tuaj yeem hloov kho tau ntxiv, muaj txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb thaum cov chaw muaj fiber ntau ntxiv.

Kev noj fais fab tau txo ntau yam ntxiv txawm tias ua tau zoo dua. Ua ntej {-}} Nplooj Ntawv Sib Koom Tes Siv 300-500 watts rau 100g muaj peev xwm, lossis 3-5 watts rau ib tus gigabit. Tam sim no 400g pluggable modules tau haus 15-20 watts, ua tiav 50-80 milliwatts rau ib tus gigabit. Qhov kev txhim kho 50-no txo ​​cov nqi ua haujlwm thiab cov chav ua haujlwm txias rau hauv cov khoom siv network thiab submarical lub hwj chim uas hluav taws xob hnyav.

Latency los ntawm Coherent system ntxiv cov nyiaj siv ua haujlwm me me piv rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub teeb hauv fiber ntau. DSP kev ua haujlwm pab txhawb 50-200 micreeneconds ntawm latency nyob ntawm kev siv. Ntawm 3,000-mais txuas qhov twg qhov kev tshaj tawm tseem ceeb ncua sijhawm yog 15 milliseconds, qhov no sawv cev 0.3-1.3% nyiaj siv ua haujlwm. Kev siv qib siab ua tiav kev sib txawv latenciation ua tiav nyob rau hauv 10 nanoseconds, tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam nyiaj txiag thiab 5g friamentaul application.

 

Kev Xa Khoom thiab Siv Cov Ntaub Ntawv

 

Ntev - haul coherent lub tshuab ua ob peb lub ntu network, txhua tus muaj cov cai tshwj xeeb.

Cov tub ntxhais hauv lub chaw tes hauj lwm hauv lub nroog sab nraub qaum sib txuas cov chaw loj metropolitan. Cov chaw muab kev pabcuam xws li AT & T, VERIZON, thiab Tuam Tshoj Telikon ua haujlwm ntawm cov network network thiab muab kev sib txuas thoob tebchaws. Cov kev ib txwm muaj 1,000 {{5,500} 2,500 kilation ntawm cov nroog loj, nrog nruab nrab ntxiv}}} Ib coherent optical system ntawm cov kev no feem ntau muab cov wavelengths nrog cov phiaj xwm los hloov kho rau 800g raws li tsheb khiav. Cov koom tes Network muaj nqis lub Programmability ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau kho thiab muaj peev xwm kho tau ntau yam peev xwm ua kom tau raws li cov mob fiber ntau.

Submarine cable tshuab sawv cev rau cov khoom siv uas xav tau tshaj plaws. Niaj hnub nimno Transocanic cov xaim kauj vab ua tiav 15,000-20,000 kilometer tag nrho nrog ntau cov ntsiab lus tsaws. Lub Marea Cable Txuas Virginia rau Spain Spans 6,600 kilometers thiab xa tawm 200 tbps muaj peev xwm siv 100g convenent channels. Newer tshuab xa tawm hauv 2024-2025 siv 400g thiab 800g wavelengths kom mus txog500+ tbps muaj peev xwm. Cov kab ke no yuav tsum muaj kev ntseeg tau kev ntseeg tau nrog lub sijhawm ua tiav tshaj li 25 xyoos, txij li thaum tsis tau siv sijhawm thiab muaj peev xwm siv sijhawm ua tiav hauv dej tob. Rov qab ua dua txhua 50-80 kilometers ua haujlwm tsis muaj txij nkawm rau kaum xyoo.

Cov ntaub ntawv nruab nrab kev sib tshuam zuj zus kev siv thev naus laus zis raws li tus mob siab tsim cov tes haujlwm ntiag tug txuas rau lawv cov chaw hauv ntiaj teb. Meta, Google, Amazon, thiab Microsoft collectively ua haujlwm ntau txhiab {{1} haul fiber ntau interconnecting dozens ntawm cov ntaub ntawv chaw haujlwm. Cov tes hauj lwm no ua ntej muaj peev xwm tsawg thiab muaj peev xwm loj heev dhau tus nqi. Cov kev sib txuas hauv cheeb tsam ntawm 200 - 500g zr +lgeters siv 400g zrget sib xyaw ua ke rau hauv routerers thiab hloov pauv cais cov ntaub so. Cov kab qaumteb ntev dua xa cov kev ua tau zoo dua qub uas muaj cov txheej txheem huab cua nrog 800g mus rau 1.6 TBPS yoj.

Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Kawm Txuj Ci muab lwm cov haujlwm uas siv tau. Cov koom haum xws li Internet thiab Géant hauv Tebchaws Europe tau khiav hauj lwm ntev- haul networks txhawb kev txhawb nqa tsev kawm qib siab thiab tshawb fawb. Cov kev tshaj tawm cov kev sib koom tes ua ntau cov kev sib deev thev naus laus zis, muab cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas rau cov ntawv thiab software {{{}} Tshawb xyuas cov peev xwm sib txuas. Lub zej zog kev kawm txuj ci kev xav tau rau cov ntaub ntawv sib pauv loj heev - particle physics tsim kom muaj petabytes ua rau cov khoom lag luam txuas ntxiv.

 

 

Kev loj hlob ntawm kev ua lag luam thiab cov neeg tsav tsheb

 

Cov khoom siv kho kho qhov muag kho kho qhov muag pom tau pom muaj zog loj hlob uas muaj kev loj hlob muaj zog los ntawm kev thov bandwidth.

Kev ua lag luam tau loj dua $ 16.9 -}}} 28.8 billion hauv 2024 nyob ntawm qhov kev loj hlob ntawm lub lag luam kom txog $ 29.4 Billion los ntawm 2032-2033. Qhov no sawv cev rau kev loj hlob ntawm xyoo ntawm 5.3-12.4%, nrog ntau dua kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv ntau ntu txhais cov ntu sib dhos. Qhov sib txawv hauv kev kwv yees qhia txog kev sib tw sib txawv los txhais cov ciaj ntawm kev ua lag luam, tab sis txhua qhov kev tshuaj xyuas pom zoo ntawm cov lej muaj zog.

Internet cov tsheb txuas ntxiv nthuav tawm exponential expansention exporention, nce 25-30% txhua xyoo raws li Cisco kev txheeb xyuas. Yees duab streaming nyiaj rau ntau tshaj 82% ntawm cov neeg siv khoom hauv internet, nrog 4K thiab tawm ntawm 8K Formove xav tau 15-45 Mbps ib kwj deg. Huab twv twv txiaj, virtual kev muaj tiag, thiab tawm metaverse cov ntawv thov thov kom muaj kev sib tw siab nrog qis latency. Kev hloov mus rau tej thaj chaw deb ua haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm 2020-2022 mus li mus ib txhis rau kev sib tham video sib tham thiab kev pab huab.

Lub Cim 5 G Center tsim tsim kom loj bandwidth yuav tsum nyob ntawm cov npoo network thiab hauv backhaul infrastructure. Ib qho 5G ntawm lub vev xaib tuaj yeem tsim 10-100 Gbps ntawm cov tsheb thaum lub sij hawm auve tsheb thauj mus los sib sau ua ke cov tsheb no mus rau cov tub ntxhais network. Ntiaj teb 5G kev sib txuas surpassed 1.5 billion hauv 2024 thiab yuav mus txog 524 thiab yuav ncav cuag 5.9 lab daus las los ntawm 2028, tsav tsheb sib luag hauv kev thauj mus los kho qhov muag.

Cov ntaub ntawv Center Center nthuav qhia cov cuab yeej siv cov cuab yeej siv tau faib cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob kev kawm kom txhawb kev ua haujlwm cuav thiab kev ua haujlwm. Kev cob qhia cov qauv cov lus loj yuav tsum tau ua thoob kaum tawm txhiab tus GPUS sib tshuam nrog ultra- bandwidth tes hauj lwm. Cov ntaub ntawv chaw ua haujlwm tau nqis peev tshaj $ 200 nphom hauv kev siv nyiaj txiag hauv peev thaum xyoo 2024, nrog kev txhim kho kho qhov muag tau sawv cev ntawm 8-12% ntawm kev siv nyiaj no.

Huab kev pabcuam tsiv teb tsaws chaw qhia tsis muaj cov cim qhia qeeb. Kev lag luam ua haujlwm ua haujlwm tsiv teb tsaws rau huab platform nrawm nrawm nrawm thaum lub sijhawm sib koom ua ke puag thiab cov {{1} {{1} huab architectures. Cov qauv kev hloov kho no ua rau cov tsheb ua haujlwm loj huab ua ke, txhua qhov kev tso siab rau lub tshuab ntev rau kev cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.

Geographic nthuav dav ntawm Is Taws Nem Internet Infrastructure drives Coherent xa mus rau hauv kev tsim thaj chaw. Southeast Asia, Africa, thiab Latin America tau tsim submarine cable tsaws chaw nres tsheb thiab terrestrial ntev - haul network los txhim kho cov chaw sib txuas lus hauv cheeb tsam. Submarine Cable kev nqis peev ntau tshaj $ 5 txhiab xyoo, nrog feem ntau cov tshuab tshiab siv cov thev naus laus zis ntau dua li kev txhim kho los ntawm cov kev txhim kho ntawm cov txheej txheem.

 

Kev sib tw toj roob hauv pes thiab cov khoom muag tseem ceeb

 

Cov Khoom Siv Kho Qhov muag Kho Qhov muag nta cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom siv sib txuas lus cov khoom siv muag khoom thiab tshwj xeeb Optical cov chaw muag khoom.

CIena Pioneering Cov Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam nrog nws cov kev qhia ntawm Coherent 40G Technology hauv 2008 thiab tau tswj cov kev coj thev naus laus zis ntawm cov wavelogogogental ntau tiam. Lub wavelogic 6 platform tau tshaj tawm hauv 2024 tau ua tiav 1.6 TBPs ib qho wavelength thiab powers ob qho tib si kos cov npav thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. CIena muaj kwv yees li 18-22% sib koom ua lag luam hauv kev sib koom ua haujlwm kho qhov muag.

Nokia photonic service lub cav (pse) platform ua cov ntawv thov terrestrial thiab submarine. Lub tuam txhab muaj zog hauv kev tsim qauv network thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke sib xyaw ua ke cov tshuab sib xyaw ua ke. Nokia tshwj xeeb yog thawj hauv cov kab hauv submarine, muaj cov tsim lossis cov kab kev siv kho qhov muag cable rau ntau tshaj 70% ntawm cov phiaj xwm tshiab cable tau txais thaum xyoo 2022-2024.

Huawei tuav qhov loj tshaj plaws kev lag luam tshaj tawm ntawm 25 -}} 30% thoob ntiaj teb, txawm hais tias nws txoj haujlwm sib txawv vim thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw geopolitical. Lub tuam txhab txoj kev sib koom ua ke rau network infrastructure thiab kho qhov muag thov rau cov neeg ua haujlwm nrhiav tib yam {6} vendor daws teeb meem. Huawei tus Optixtrans platform txhawb nqa 400g rau 1.6 TBPS yoj hla metro, cheeb tsam, thiab cov ntawv thov ntev ntev.

Infinera cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb rau kev lag luam kho qhov muag thiab tau pioneered ntsug kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag. Lub tuam txhab tsim nws tus kheej lub photonic sib xyaw ua ke, sib txuas ua ke ntau yam kho kho qhov muag rau ntawm ib nti kom txo tau tus nqi thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm. Infinera's Ice6 Coherent Technology Technology txhawb technology 800g wavelengths thiab cov phiaj xwm ob lub chaw pabcuam thiab cov ntaub ntawv chaw lag luam.

Cisco nkag mus rau txoj kev sib txuas lus sib txuas lus los ntawm nws 2021 nrhiav tau ntawm Acacia Kev Sib Txuas Lus, nce kev lag luam {}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} Ua kom muaj kev sib txuas lus DSP thev naus laus zis. Acacia Silicon photonics txoj kev ua rau siab siab- volume, tsawg}} tus nqi tsim khoom ntawm coherent modules. Cisco koom ua ke cov qauv no rau hauv nws cov kev coj ua kom nruj thiab}}} dewd}}} teev cov chaw ua haujlwm cov ntaub ntawv.

Lub teeb tsa cov khoom siv pluggable ntu qhia qhov sib tw sib txawv. Marvell cov khoom siv DSP chips siv nyob rau hauv ntau dua 40% ntawm coherent pluggable modules, ua yeeb yam ua tub lag luam silicon tus kws kho mob rau ntau cov chaw ua lag luam. Coherent Corp (yav dhau los II {{{{{{- vi vi), libromial ua tiav cov modules siv ntau dsp thiab silicon Photon Photon Partians cov khoom lag luam. Neophohotonics, nrhiav tau los ntawm broadcom nyob rau hauv 2022, nqa muaj zog muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv tunable lasers thiab photonic kev koom ua ke.

Tawm Suav cov neeg muag khoom suav nrog Heilicon, ZTE, thiab cov fiberHome thiab tau txais kev sib koom ua ke hauv Suav teb kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis. Cov neeg muag khoom no tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm tsoomfwv txhawb nqa rau hauv tsoomfwv cov cuab yeej txhim kho tshiab thiab muaj kev nkag mus rau Tuam Tshoj qhov kev lag luam hauv tsev loj heev.

 

Tshuab Evolution thiab Yav Tom Ntej Cov Lus Qhia

 

Coherent optical technology txuas ntxiv evolution nrawm thoob plaws ntau qhov ntev.

Kev ua haujlwm hom kev nce qib kev nce qib thawb lub peev xwm siab dua thaum tswj cov nyom. Kev soj ntsuam kev txhim kho cov kev faib tawm cov kev faib tawm cov cim sib kis kom phim cov cim channel ntau dua, ua tiav} 1.5 - 1.5} 1.5} 1.5} 1.5} 1.5} 1.5} 1.5} 1.5} 1.5} 1.5} 1.5} 1.5} 1. Cov duab qhia kev hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov chaw seem tsis yog cim qhov tshwm sim, muab cov kev sib thooj nrog cov kev ua kom qis dua. Kev Tshawb Fawb Cov Tshuab tau pom zoo li 256-QAM thiab cov khoom lag luam siab dua, tab sis kev siv tau tshaj 64-Qam vim muaj suab nrov.

Cov cuab yeej siv thev naus laus zis digital faib ua ntau txoj kev sib cais ua rau ntau txoj kev sib cais, txhua tus nrog kev ywj pheej thiab coding. Qhov no txoj kev sib txuas no yooj yim, enables finer muaj peev xwm granularity granularity, thiab txhim kho kev ua kom muaj zog rau fiber ntau. Cov tshuab siv 2-8 SABCARRERY ib lub nthwv dej tau nkag mus rau kev xa khoom lag luam, nrog kev tshawb fawb ua yeeb yam qhia tau cov txiaj ntsig txog 16 ntu.

Spatial faib cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau yav tom ntej ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm muaj peev xwm muaj peev xwm muaj peev xwm. Ntau - me core fiber chaw 4 {{4 4}} 12 cais} 12 cais cores nyob rau hauv ib tug fiber ntau cladding, muab ntau qhov peev xwm prottralalally. Unbundled Fiber ribbons ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws nrog cov kev sib txuas ib - tub ntxhais. Tsawg - hom fiber fiber txhawb nqa 3 {{{}} 6 qhov spatial qauv ua rau muaj kev sib npaug. Nqis cov khoom lag luam rau kev lag luam tshwj xeeb, tab sis cov chaw sau npe tshwj xeeb xa tawm tom qab 2025 kuj yuav tau ntau cov tub ntxhais kawm kom ua tau ntau lub peev xwm-nrug.

Spectral expansion dhau qhov c- band ntxiv muaj peev xwm siv peev xwm muaj cov cuab yeej muaj hluav taws xob uas twb muaj lawm. C + L pab pawg lag luam thoob plaws 10 {- 11}} 17}} 16}} band - s systemt. Lub S-Band (1460SE 1560-1530 nanometers) muaj lwm qhov 7 thz ntawm spectrum, tab sis yog cov thev naus laus zis ntau dua. Kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias kis tau hla 16 thij ntawm ke C + L Bands, Quadrupling Lub Peev Xwm piv rau C-Band ib leeg.

Software {{{- Txhais tau hais tias network tsis pom zoo yuav rov kho cov neeg ua haujlwm li cas thiab tswj hwm cov coherent systems. Qhib kab tshuab cais cov kab pib kho qhov muag kho tshiab los ntawm kev tswj software, ua kom muaj ntau} tus neeg muag khoom cuam tshuam. Lub xov tooj telecom infra oopt (qhib cov pob ntawv kho kho qhov muag Cov kev tsim kho no txo ​​cov neeg muag khoom xauv {{5 5}} hauv thiab pab txhawb kev ua lag luam dynamically raws li cov qauv tsheb tiag tiag.

Artificial txawj ntse thiab tshuab kev kawm nrhiav cov ntawv thov hauv kev ua haujlwm kom haum. Ai algorithms yuav twv seb cov teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws thiab tsim muaj peev xwm los ntawm tiag tiag {{}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} piv rau cov kev teeb tsa zoo li qub. Tshuab Kawm Qauv Ntes Ntes Nto Nthuav Cov Qauv Intral Zoo, ua rau kev ua tiav kev pabcuam uas tiv thaiv {}}}} cuam tshuam rau kev ua tsis tiav. Network-dav kev ua haujlwm siv kev kawm ntxiv kev kawm maximizes tag nrho cov network los ntawm kev hwm tus kheej txuas kev txwv.

Quantum kev sib txuas lus thiab tshaj tawm - Quantum Cryptography yuav cuam tshuam rau kev tsim kho lub luag haujlwm yav tom ntej. Quantum Lub Tshuab xa khoom tseem ceeb tuaj yeem khiav nrog cov qib hluav taws xob ntawm tib lub fiber ntau, txawm hais tias lawv cov kev tswj hwm cov ntoo muaj zog heev. Post - Quantum Algoregraphic Algoreborins xav tau ntau lub zog dsps nyob rau hauv yav tom ntej cov kev cai ua kom haum encryption thiab decryption ntawm kab nqi.

 

Kev ua raws li cov nyom thiab cov kev daws teeb meem

 

Tso rau ntev - haul coherent system cuam tshuam ntau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev nyuaj siab.

Fiber ntau tsob nroj variability ua tsis meej nyob rau hauv lub system ua haujlwm. Fiberation Installed nyob rau xyoo 1990 thiab ntxov 2000s cov khoom pov thawj poob qis, thiab polarization {}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} depend }ent poob piv rau cov fiber ntau. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis tshua muaj tus xeeb ceem ntawm lawv cov roj fiber ntau, ua kom npaj peev xwm nyuaj. Cov kev daws teeb meem suav nrog cov kev sim ntsuas tsis siv neeg uas tsis tu ncua fiber ntau thiab kev hloov pauv hloov uas hloov kho lawv cov kev ua haujlwm raws li qhov tseeb txuas.

Cov koomhaum network ntsib kev txiav txim siab txiav txim siab sib npaug muaj peev xwm, kev paub tab, thiab cov kev txwv nyiaj txiag thiab nyiaj txiag. Hloov kho los ntawm 100g mus rau 400g lub tshuab xa tawm 4 × muaj peev xwm tab sis yuav tsum tau nqis peev hauv cov khoom siv davhlau ya nyob tshiab. Kev sim siab kom tos rau 800g thev naus laus zis tsim lub tswv yim tuag tes tuag tes tuag taw uas tuaj yeem tawm ntawm cov neeg tes haujlwm congested. Pragmatic Cov Qauv Koom Tes Nrog Cov Kev Xaiv Cov Khoom Siv ntawm cov kev taug kev thaum tswj hwm qis - Lub peev xwm ntawm cov kev txav qis. Cov neeg muag khoom 'txaus siab muab peev - qhov kev tsim tawm ntawm 100g lossis 200g-} pab tswj kev pheej hmoo.

Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom muag khoom muag tseem yog kev ua tsis tau zoo txawm tias kev ua raws. OF OF 400ZR thiab 800ZR cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov hloov pauv hloov tau yooj yim pluggable modules, tab sis cov neeg muag khoom siv cov yam ntxwv xaiv sib txawv. Advanced functions zoo li network sij minging faib thiab alien wavelength kev pab yuav tsum tau ua kom pom tseeb. Cov neeg tuav haujlwm hauv cov chaw kuaj xyuas uas tau txheeb xyuas tus menyuam yaus sib txuas ua ntej kev siv cov qauv muag khoom seem txawm tias thaum siv cov qauv kev cuam tshuam.

Lub zog thiab cov khoom txias txias hauv cov tuam tsev hauv network txwv txwv ntawm kev siv cov tshuab siab siab. Ib qho siab -} nruab ntom wavelength system muaj peev xwm haus 10}} Cov tshuab cua txias tsim rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qis tsis tuaj yeem ua rau cov cua sov. Cov chaw hloov khoom dua los txhawb nqa cov cuab yeej niaj hnub no raug nqi $ 500,000- $ 2 lab rau ib lub xaib, qee zaum dhau tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshiab.

 

Cov Lus Nquag Nug

 

Dab tsi yog qhov siab tshaj plaws nyob deb li cas rau txheej txheem kho qhov muag kho qhov muag?

Qhov siab tshaj plaws tsis nkag siab deb yog nyob ntawm kev ua qauv thiab hom kab. Cov tshuab siv DP -}}} {{5,}} kub hluav taws xob - optical resacteration. Submarine system ua haujlwm tshaj li 6,000- 10,000 mais ntawm cov ntsiab lus uas siv tau zoo DSP thiab qib siab FEC. Cov zaub mov ntev tshaj plaws tshaj 20,000 km tas mus li xaus tab sis suav nrog kev tsim khoom nruab nrab.

Yuav ua li cas Coherent Technology Pivar rau PAM4 kev sib cais?

Pam4 kev teeb tsa muaj cov nqi qis dua thiab kev siv hluav taws xob rau kev mus deb hauv 100 kmin, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau cov ntaub ntawv nruab nrab kev sib txuas. Coherent thev naus laus zis raug nqi ntau dua tab sis muab kev ua haujlwm zoo dua rau kev ncua ntev dua 200 mais. Qhov kev sib tw hla kev nyob ntawm cov kev xav tau, tab sis feem ntau ntev {}} rau {{8}- suab sib piv.

Dab tsi cov qauv tawm tswv yim ua cov txheej txheem niaj hnub?

Cov Qauv Sib Nraus muaj xws li DP - lpsk (4 med-64qam (12 Advanced Systems Siv probabilitist constellation shaping ua kom zoo faib faib cov cim ntawm cov cim. Cov hom kev zoo siab nyob ntawm qhov txuas deb, fiber ntau, thiab kev muaj peev xwm xav tau, nrog ntau lub system muaj peev xwm hloov cov qauv ua tiav dynamically.

Puas muaj cov tshuab txhim kho txhim kho cov nroj tsuag fiber ntau?

Coherent technology ua haujlwm nrog fiber ntau hauv xyoo 1990 thiab tom qab ntawd, tau tsim lub fiber ntau tsim rau 2.5g lossis 10g system. DSP them nyiaj rau chromatic dispersion thiab polarization hluav taws xob tshuab hluav taws xob, tshem tawm cov kev them nyiaj uas yuav tsum tau them los ntawm cov kab ke. HEEV heev fiber ntau los ntawm 1980s tej zaum yuav muaj kev poob ntau dhau los yog polarization {6} Taug kev muaj peev xwm, tab sis feem ntau ua lag luam fiber los ntawm 1995 onwards txhawb niaj hnub sib kis tau sib kis niaj hnub no.

Network muaj nce 25-30% ib xyoos ib zaug txij li 2020-2024, uas tsav los ntawm kev ua yeeb yaj kiab, cov kev pabcuam huab, thiab ua haujlwm tej thaj chaw deb. Cov chaw muab kev pab cuam txuas ntxiv 20-25% Kev Loj Hlob Xyoo 2028, nrog AI cov ntawv thov muaj peev xwm ua kom nrawm dua qhov no ntxiv. Kev hloov pauv ntawm 100g rau 400g coherent system yog ua tiav ntau rau cov kev loj, nrog 800g reployames pib hauv 2024-2025.

Coherent optical system muaj keeb kwm transformed ntev - haul network lub peev xwm dhau los 15 xyoo. Lub thev naus laus zis lub peev xwm los npaj 100G rau 1.6 TBPS ntau txhiab mais nrog kev ua haujlwm thoob ntiaj teb uas siv cov ntawv thov niaj hnub xav tau. Raws li bandwidth yuav tsum tau txais kev loj hlob txuas ntxiv, cov kev sib koom tes kho qhov muag yuav nyob twj ywm cov chaw ua hauj lwm txhawb nqa cov kev lag luam digital.