100G QSFP28 Xaiv: SR4, LR4, CWDM4, PSM4

SR4, PSM4, CWDM4, LR4, ER4 - tsib qhov sib txawv ntawm tib QSFP28 module, tsib lub tshuab kho qhov muag sib txawv, thiab kev txiav txim siab yuav khoom uas tau txais cov neeg muaj teeb meem ntau dua li qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Lub module vaj tse yog zoo tib yam nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntawm lawv. Hluav taws xob interface (CAUI-4, formalized inIEEE 802.3bm-2015) zoo ib yam. Dab tsi txawv yog laser, wavelength, connector, thiab fiber ntau nws xav tau. Tau txais qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm thiab qhov txuas yuav tsis tuaj lossis - phem dua - nws los nrog qhov ua yuam kev koj yuav tsis taug qab rov qab rau optics rau lub lis piam.

 

 

QSFP28 Basics

Plaub txoj kab hluav taws xob, txhua qhov khiav ntawm kwv yees li 25.78 Gbps, nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev kho kom zoo ib yam li 40G QSFP+. Kev siv hluav taws xob nyob qis dua 3.5 W rau ib lub module. Ib qho 1U hloov tuaj yeem ntim 36 lossis ntau dua QSFP28 chaw nres nkoj, uas yog vim li cas tus qauv tsim tua CFP thiab CFP2 rau feem ntau 100GbE daim ntawv thov - cov pob qub tau kos 6-24 W txhua qhov thiab coj mus deb ntau qhov chaw faceplate.

 

 

Variant sib piv ntawm ib nrais muag

Parameter	SR4	PSM4	CWDM 4	LR4	ER 4
IEEE / MSA Txuj	IEEE 802.3bm 100GBASE-SR4	100G PSM4 MSA	100G CWDM4 MSA	IEEE 802.3ba 100GBASE-LR4	IEEE 802.3ba 100GBASE-ER4
Lub wavelength	850nm ua	1310nm ua	1271/1291/1311/1331 nm	1295.56 / 1300.05 / 1304.58 / 1309.14 nm	~1295–1310 nm (LAN-WDM)
Hom Laser	VCSEL	DML	DML (DFB)	EML	EML + APD Rx
Hom Fiber	OM3 / OM4 MMF	OS 2 SMF	OS 2 SMF	G.652 SMF	G.652 SMF
Txuas	MTP/MPO-12	MTP/MPO-12	Duplex LC	Duplex LC	Duplex LC
Fiber suav rau ib qhov txuas	8 (4 Tx + 4 Rx)	8 (4 Tx + 4 Rx)	2 (1 Tx + 1 Rx)	2 (1 Tx + 1 Rx)	2 (1 Tx + 1 Rx)
Max Reach	70 m (OM3) / 100 m (OM4)	500 m	2km ua	10km ua	40km ua
Hom Lub Zog	~2.0 W	~2.5 W	~2.5 W	~3.5 W	~4.5 W
Tus nqi kwv tij Module	qis tshaj	Tsawg-Medium	Nruab nrab	Nruab nrab-siab	Siab
Zoo tshaj plaws	Intra-rack, server-rau- nplooj	Hla -lub tsev (muaj 8-fiber SMF trunks)	Inter-tsev, qaum-rau- qaum teb Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug li 2 km	Tsev kawm ntawv / metro aggregation	Metro backbone, DR links

 

 

Topology: Qhov twg txhua qhov av sib txawv

Core / WAN (Metro nraub qaum) ER4 - 40 km duplex LC, SMF LR4 - 10 km duplex LC, SMF Spine Switches (tsev kawm ntawv / ntau{-} tsev ntaub) CWDM4 - 2 km duplex LC, SMF CWDM4 / PSM4 500 m – 2 km (Bafgld) SMF Le SR4 - 100 m MTP/MPO, OM4 SR4 - 100 m MTP/MPO, OM4 Servers / Storage Servers / Storage

 

SR4 nyob hauv qab - server- mus rau - nplooj, hauv ib lub tsev. CWDM4 lossis PSM4 tuav cov nplooj - mus rau - ntu ntu ntu ntawm cov tsev. LR4 npog qaum - mus rau -core ntawm thaj chaw thaj tsam. ER4 rau txhua yam dhau los 10 km.

 

SR4: Luv -Reach Multimode

SR4 khiav plaub qhov sib luag 850 nm VCSEL raws tshaj OM3 lossis OM4 multimode fiber ntau ntawm 25.78125 GBd ib txoj kab (IEEE 802.3bm). MTP/MPO-12 connector, yim active fibers, 70 m ncav cuag OM3 thiab 100 m ntawm OM4. VCSELs yog qhov pheej yig tshaj laser nyob rau hauv QSFP28 tsev neeg, multimode termination nqi tsawg dua ib zaug -mode, thiab Cisco QSFP-100G-SR4-S draws nyob rau hauv 2.5 W. Tsis ntau rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm no - yog tias koj qhov txuas qis dua 100 m thiab koj muaj OMSR4 hauv av, pom tseeb

 

PSM4 vs. CWDM4 Kev Txiav Txim

Qhov no yog qhov kev sib cav txog kev yuav khoom tiag tiag nyob. Ob leeg PSM4 thiab CWDM4 lub hom phiaj ntawm 100 m–2 km ntau tshaj ib zaug - hom fiber ntau, thiab ob qho tib si muaj vim IEEE tus qauv 100G qub tau tawm qhov sib txawv - SR4 topped tawm ntawm 100 m ntawm multimode, thiab LR4 ntawm 10 km ntawm ib zaug {- hom 100G raug nqi ntau heev. PSM4 thiab CWDM4 MSAs tau sau tshwj xeeb los sau qhov chaw, tab sis lawv tau sau nws ntau txoj hauv kev.

 

PSM4 yog txoj hauv kev sib piv: plaub txoj kev ywj pheej 1310 nm DML channel, txhua tus ntawm nws tus kheej fiber ntau, los ntawm MTP / MPO-12 connector. Yim fibers ib qhov txuas, 500 m siab tshaj plaws. CWDM4 yog lub wavelength-multiplexed mus kom ze: plaub 25 Gbps raws packed mus rau plaub coarse wavelengths (1271, 1291, 1311, 1331 nm ib ITU-T G.694.2) xa los ntawm ib tug duplex LC connector. Ob lub fibers ib qhov txuas, 2 km siab tshaj plaws ncav cuag, kwv yees li 5.0 dB txuas pob nyiaj siv rau CWDM4 MSA.

 

Tus nqi module ntawm PSM4 feem ntau yog qis dua. Tab sis txhua qhov txuas PSM4 noj yim fibers, thiab qhov ntawd hloov cov lej nrawm. Hauv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv brownfield uas twb muaj 12- lossis 24- fiber ntau SMF trunks txiav nrog MTP connectors, PSM4 yog ib qho kev hloov tshiab huv si los ntawm 40G QSFP+ - tib cables, tib thaj vaj huam sib luag, tsuas yog hloov kho qhov muag. Qhov ntawd yog qhov txiaj ntsig tiag tiag. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub greenfield tsim, los yog nyob qhov twg khiav lean ob-fiber LC thaj panels ntawm lub tsev, muab yim-fiber MTP trunks tshiab ntxiv pua pua ntawm cov nyiaj rau ib qhov txuas uas tsis tau tshwm sim ntawm cov kab transceiver. A100G QSFP28uas raug nqi $30 tsawg dua rau ib lub module tab sis yuav tsum tau $400 ntxiv hauv cabling ib qhov txuas tsis yog kev txuag nyiaj.

 

CWDM4 zam tag nrho cov fiber ntau - suav teeb meem. Duplex LC thaj qaum yog pheej yig. Feem ntau cov chaw twb muaj ob -fiber SMF khiav tawm ntawm 1G lossis 10G xa tawm. Thiab duplex LC ntawm tib - hom tshwm sim los ua tib lub cev sib txuas uas 400G FR4 thiab DR4 optics siv, yog li cov fiber ntau koj lub teeb hnub no rau ib qho100G CWDM4 linknqa 400G tsheb khiav hauv lub voj voog hloov tshiab tom ntej yam tsis tau rov ua dua. Rau ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm 100 m thiab 2 km qhov twg koj tsis tau muaj MTP trunks nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, CWDM4 yuav luag txhua qhov qis dua - tus nqi xaiv.

 

LR4: 10 km Campus thiab Metro

LR4 multiplexes plaub LAN-WDM channels (1295.56, 1300.05, 1304.58, 1309.14 nm ib IEEE 802.3ba) mus rau duplex LC ib zaug - hom kev sib txuas. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov channel nruj dua yuav tsum tau EML transmitters - zoo dua kev ploj tuag piv, zoo chromatic dispersion kam rau ua dua li DMLs hauv PSM4 thiab CWDM4.Cisco's QSFP-100G-LR4-S data sheetlees paub qhov PHY no ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj FEC, tsis muaj qhov yuam kev kho qhov nyiaj siv ua haujlwm, huv si ntau- tus neeg muag khoom interop. Tus nqi tshaj CWDM4 yog qhov tseem ceeb, yog li LR4 tsuas yog ua rau kev txiav txim siab thaum koj txoj kev ntsuas qhov tseeb tshaj 2 km: kev sib sau hauv tsev kawm ntawv thoob plaws hauv tsev kho mob lossis tsev kawm ntawv, tus neeg nqa khoom tes- tawm ntawm lub colo, hom kev ncua. Yog tias txoj kev yog 1.8 km, yuav CWDM4 thiab siv qhov sib txawv ntawm OTDR tus yam ntxwv.

 

 

ER4 thiab ZR4

ER4 ncav cuag 40 km nrog siab dua - fais fab EML transmitters thiab APD receivers.100GBASE ZR4nws ncua mus txog 80 km. Ob leeg siv duplex LC ntawm G.652 ib leeg -hom hauv tus qauv QSFP28 vaj tse. Lub hwj chim khiav 4–6 W. Metro backbone modules, tsis yog - lub hom phiaj cov ntaub ntawv chaw kho qhov muag.

 

Laser Hom thiab Txuas Nyiaj Txiag Lej

Lub laser yog dab tsi tiag tiag tsav tus nqi thiab ncav cuag thoob plaws QSFP28 tsev neeg, thiab nkag siab txog qhov sib txawv hloov li cas koj ntsuas cov ntaub ntawv.

 

SR4 siv VCSEL arrays. Tus nqi qis, qis zog, zoo sib txuas rau hauv multimode fiber ntau, txwv rau 850 nm thiab luv luv. PSM4 thiab CWDM4 siv DML transmitters ntawm 1310 nm - qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tam sim no hloov lub teeb ncaj qha, uas qhia txog chirp (wavelength drift nyob rau hauv kev hloov), tab sis qhov ntawd nyob twj ywm nyob rau ntawm 500 m mus rau 2 km ntawm ib qho - hom fiber ntau. LR4 thiab ER4 nce mus rau EML transmitters. Ib qho EML cais lub laser los ntawm lub modulator - ib qho hluav taws xob sab nraud-absorption txheej modulates cov zis ntawm nws tus kheej ntawm laser kab noj hniav, ua ib tug huv qhov muag qhov muag nrog qis residual dispersion. Lub teeb liab ntxuav yog dab tsi yuav koj 10-40 km ntawm kev ncav cuag yam tsis tau tso siab rau FEC.

 

Cov ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv teev tus naj npawb "ntau tshaj qhov deb", tab sis tus lej ntawd suav tias yog lub Hoobkas -huv fiber ntau cog. Cov nroj tsuag tiag tiag muaj splice poob, connector insertion poob, thaj vaj huam sib luag attenuation, nruj khoov hauv cable tais. Cov lej uas qhia tau tseeb rau koj seb qhov txuas yuav ua haujlwm li cas yog lub tshuab xa hluav taws xob tso zis, txais OMA (Optical Modulation Amplitude) rhiab heev, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv - cov peev nyiaj siv hluav taws xob. Yog tias cov peev nyiaj tshaj qhov ntsuas poob ntawm koj txoj kev fiber ntau, qhov txuas ua haujlwm. Yog tias nws yog marginal, koj tau txais kev ua yuam kev me ntsis uas tej zaum yuav lossis tsis tuaj yeem raug kho los ntawm FEC nyob ntawm seb koj nyob deb npaum li cas. Khiav ib qho OTDR taug qab ntawm txhua txoj kev ua ntej txhim kho optics yuav siv sijhawm li ib teev. Lub sij hawm ntawd tshem tawm feem ntau Hnub 1 kev daws teeb meem - hom uas koj pauv peb lub transceivers ua ntej ib tus neeg thaum kawg ntsuas cov fiber ntau thiab pom 1.5 dB splice poob tsis muaj leej twg sau tseg.

 

 

MTP/MPO Polarity - Tsim Nyog Nws Tus Kheej

SR4 thiab PSM4 ob leeg siv MTP / MPO-12 connectors, thiab polarity yuam kev yog lub luag hauj lwm rau ib tug disproportionate tus naj npawb ntawm 100G txuas tsis ua hauj lwm uas tau misdiagnosed li phem optics.

 

Tus qauv teeb tsa rau qhov sib npaug -optics data center tsim yog Hom-B (ncaj-los ntawm) polarity. Txiv neej connector nyob rau sab transceiver, poj niam ntawm lub cev. Cov neeg tseem ceeb-qib qis-poob adapters ntawm lub cev ntev khiav - tsis tus qauv- poob qhov chaw, uas noj rau hauv qhov twb tau siv lawm - nruj SR4 txuas pob nyiaj siv. Tau txais ib qho ntawm qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm tsis tas yuav tua qhov txuas. Dab tsi tshwm sim ntau zaus yog tias cov tsheb hla dhau ntawm kev siv qis tab sis CRC yuam kev nce mus rau hauv kev thauj khoom. Cov tsos mob mimic ib tug marginal transceiver los yog ib tug qias neeg connector, yog li qhov kev daws teeb meem ib ntus yog: ntxuav lub connector, tsis hloov; swap lub optic, tsis hloov; swap lwm kawg lub optic, tsis hloov; Thaum kawg ib tus neeg rub lub qhov muag pom qhov tsis pom, taug qab cov fibers, thiab paub txog qhov polarity hla. Cov kab ke ntawd tuaj yeem hlawv tag nrho lub qhov rais txij nkawm. Kev txheeb xyuas qhov polarity thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa, tsis yog thaum lub sijhawm teeb meem, zam qhov teeb meem tag nrho.

 

Rau siab -kev xa tawm ceev,MTP-raws li lub cev thiab lub tshuab kaw luspab tus txheej txheem tswj polarity thoob plaws ntau ntawm kev sib txuas. CWDM4, LR4, thiab ER4 zam tag nrho cov teeb meem - lawv siv duplex LC connectors nrog UPC polish ntawm OS2 ib leeg - hom fiber ntau. APC ferrules tsis sib xws thiab yuav ua rau poob siab.

 

 

Breakout thiab Backward Compatibility

SR4, PSM4, thiab CWDM4 txhawb 4 × 25G breakout hom - ib qho 100G chaw nres nkoj faib ua plaub qhov kev sib txuas ntawm 25G los ntawm kev sib txuas cable lossis MTP cassette. Pab tau rau kev txuas 25G server NICs rau 100G nplooj hloov. Tsis yog txhua qhov NOS tso tawm ua kom tawg ntawm txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj ASIC, yog li tshawb xyuas nrog tus neeg muag khoom hloov pauv qhov kev sib raug zoo matrix. QSFP28 haum mechanically rau hauv QSFP + cov chaw nres nkoj tab sis tsis sib tham 100G tawm tsam QSFP + module ntawm lwm qhov kawg.

 

 

Yav tom ntej -Kev pov thawj

100G QSFP28 yuav tsis mus qhov twg sai sai no. Covoptical transceiver lag luamyog thawb 400G thiab 800G ntawm tus txha nraub qaum, tab sis 100G ntawm nplooj thiab nkag mus rau theem tseem muaj ntau xyoo ntawm kev khiav hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv kev lag luam, colo cross- txuas, thiab nruab nrab -cov ntaub ntawv loj. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas koj tuaj yeem ua tau niaj hnub no yog kev tsis ncaj ncees tshiab fiber ntau khiav mus rau ib leeg -hom OS2 nrog duplex LC. Cov nroj tsuag ntawd nqa CWDM4 tam sim no, FR4 ntawm 400G lub voj voog tom ntej, thiab tej zaum 800G tom qab ntawd. Multimode nrug ceilings shrink nrog txhua zaus tiam. Leej twg npaj a400G QSFP-DDkev tsiv teb tsaws chaw nyob rau hauv peb lub xyoos tom ntej no yuav tsum tau khiav ib leeg -hom txhua qhov chaw nws yog qhov ua tau zoo.